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Impacts of the Large Increase in International Ship Traffic 2000-2007 on Tropospheric Ozone and Methane

机译：2000-2007年国际船舶运输量大量增加对对流层臭氧和甲烷的影响

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The increase in civil world fleet ship emissions during the period 2000-2007 and the effects on key tropospheric oxidants are quantified using a global Chemical Transport Model (CTM|. We estimate a substantial increase of 33% in global ship emissions over this period. The impact of ship emissions on tropospheric oxidants is mainly caused by the relatively large fraction of NO_x in ship exhaust Typical increases in yearly average surface ozone concentrations in the most impacted areas are 0.5-2.5 ppbv. The global annual mean radiative forcing due to ozone increases in the troposphere is 10 mWm~(-2) over the period 2000-2007. We find global average tropospheric OH increase of 1.03% over the same period. As a result of this the global average tropospheric methane concentration is reduced by approximately 2.2% over a period corresponding to the turnover time. The resulting methane radiative forcing is -14 mWm~(-2) with an additional contribution of -6 mWnr2 from methane induced reduction in ozone. The net forcing of the ozone and methane changes due to ship emissions changes between 2000 and 2007 is -10 mWm~(-2). This is significant compared to the net forcing of these components in 2000. Our findings support earlier observational studies indicating that ship traffic may be a major contributor to recent enhancement of background ozone at some coastal stations. Furthermore, by reducing global mean tropospheric methane by 40 ppbv over its turnover time it is likely to contribute to the recent observed leveling off in global mean methane concentration.
机译：使用全球化学运输模型（CTM |）量化了2000-2007年间世界民用舰队船舶排放量的增加以及对关键对流层氧化剂的影响。我们估计，在此期间，全球船舶排放量将大幅增加33％。船舶排放对流层氧化剂的影响主要是由船舶尾气中的NO_x所占比例相对较大造成的。在受影响最严重的地区，平均年平均臭氧浓度增加了0.5-2.5 ppbv。 2000-2007年对流层的对流层为10 mWm〜（-2），我们发现同期全球对流层OH平均增加1.03％，因此，全球对流层甲烷的平均浓度在2000年降低了约2.2％。甲烷的辐射强迫为-14 mWm〜（-2），甲烷诱导的还原反应额外贡献了-6 mWnr2 i臭氧。在2000年至2007年之间，由于船舶排放变化而引起的臭氧和甲烷变化的净强迫为-10 mWm〜（-2）。与这些分量在2000年的净强迫相比，这是非常重要的。我们的发现支持了较早的观察性研究，这些研究表明，船舶交通可能是最近一些沿海站点臭氧背景增强的主要因素。此外，通过在对流层甲烷的转换时间内将其平均对流层甲烷减少40 ppbv，可能有助于最近观测到的全球平均甲烷浓度趋于稳定。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2010年第7期|p.2482-2489|共8页
  • 作者

    STIG B. DALSOREN; MAGNUS S. EIDE; GUNNAR MYHRE; OYVIND ENDRESEN; IVAR S. A. ISAKSEN; IAN S. FUGLESTVEDT;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Norway, Veritasveien 1, N-1322 Hovik, Norway CICERO, Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research-Oslo, Oslo, Norway;

    rnDepartment of Geosciences, Det Norske Veritas, Veritasveien 1, N-1322 Hovik, Norway;

    rnCICERO, Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research-Oslo, Oslo, Norway;

    rnDepartment of Geosciences, Det Norske Veritas, Veritasveien 1, N-1322 Hovik, Norway;

    rnDepartment of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Norway, Veritasveien 1, N-1322 Hovik, Norway CICERO, Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research-Oslo, Oslo, Norway;

    rnCICERO, Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research-Oslo, Oslo, Norway;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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