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Brazilian Agriculture and Environmental Legislation: Status and Future Challenges

机译：巴西农业与环境立法：现状与未来挑战

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摘要

Brazilian agriculture covers about one-third of the land area and is expected to expand further. We assessed the compliance of present Brazilian agriculture with environmental legislation and identified challenges for agricultural development connected to this legislation. We found (ⅰ) minor illegal land use in protected areas under public administration, (ⅱ) a large deficit in legal reserves and protected riparian zones on private farmland, and (ⅲ) large areas of unprotected natural vegetation in regions experiencing agriculture expansion. Achieving full compliance with the environmental laws as they presently stand would require drastic changes in agricultural land use, where large agricultural areas are taken out of production and converted back to natural vegetation. The outcome of a full compliance with environmental legislation might not be satisfactory due to leakage, where pristine unprotected areas become converted to compensate for lost production as current agricultural areas are reconverted to protected natural vegetation. Realizing the desired protection of biodiversity and natural vegetation, while expanding agriculture to meet food and biofuel demand, may require a new approach to environmental protection. New legal and regulatory instruments and the establishment of alternative development models should be considered.
机译：巴西的农业覆盖了约三分之一的土地面积，并有望进一步扩大。我们评估了当前巴西农业对环境立法的遵守情况，并确定了与此立法相关的农业发展挑战。我们发现（ⅰ）受公共管理的保护区中有少量非法土地使用，（legal）私人农田上的法律储备和受保护的河岸带大量短缺，以及（ⅲ）在经历农业扩张的地区中有大量未保护的自然植被。要完全遵守目前的环境法律，就需要对农业用地进行彻底的改变，因为在农业用地中，大片的农业地区已被淘汰，并转化为自然植被。由于渗漏，完全遵守环境法规的结果可能并不令人满意，因为随着当前的农业地区被重新转换为受保护的自然植被，原始的未保护区被转化为补偿生产损失。在扩大农业以满足粮食和生物燃料需求的同时，实现对生物多样性和自然植被的理想保护可能需要一种新的环境保护方法。应考虑新的法律和法规工具以及建立替代发展模式。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2010年第16期|p.6046-6053|共8页
  • 作者

    GERD SPAROVEK; GORAN BERNDES; ISRAEL L. F. KLUG; ALBERTO G. O. P. BARRETTO;

  • 作者单位

    'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av de Padua Dias, 11, Piracicaba (SP), Brazil, 13418-900;

    rnChalmers University of Technology, Department of Energy and Environment, Division of Physical Resource Theory, SE-412 96 Goeteborg, Sweden;

    rn'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av de Padua Dias, 11, Piracicaba (SP), Brazil, 13418-900;

    rn'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av de Padua Dias, 11, Piracicaba (SP), Brazil, 13418-900;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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