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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Selected Organochlorine Pesticides in the Atmosphere of Major Indian Cities: Levels, Regional versus Local Variations, and Sources
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Selected Organochlorine Pesticides in the Atmosphere of Major Indian Cities: Levels, Regional versus Local Variations, and Sources

机译：印度主要城市大气中的精选有机氯农药：水平，地区与当地差异以及来源

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摘要

India has extensive production and usage of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) for agriculture and vector control. Despite this, few data are available on the levels and distribution of OCPs in the urban atmosphere of India. Passive and active air sampling was therefore conducted between Dec 2006 and March 2007 in 7 metropolitan cities: New Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, Goa, and Agra. Concentrations (pg-rrr~(-3)) were as follows: HCHs 890-17000 (mean: 5400 ± 4110); DDTs 250-6110 (1470 ± 1010); chlordanes 290-5260 (1530 ± 790); endosulfans 240-4650 (1040 ± 610); and hexachiorobenzene 120-2890 (790 ± 510). HCHs observed in India appear to be the highest reported across the globe. Chlordanes and endosulfans are lower than levels reported from southern China. Passive sampling enabled within- and between-city variations to be assessed. As expected, paired-sample t-test analysis revealed higher regional than local variation. Comparisons with the limited data available from studies conducted in 1989 suggest general declines of HCHs and DDTs for most regions. y-HCH dominated the HCH signal, reflecting widespread use of Lindane in India, although the isomeric composition in Kolkata suggests potential technical HCH use. High o,p'-/p,p'-DDT ratios in northern India indicate recent DDT usage. High HCB levels in the industrial areas of New Delhi and Kolkata indicate ongoing sources. Correlation between trans- and cis-chlordane implies ongoing usage. Endosulfan sulfate generally dominated the endosulfan signal, but high values of a//J-endosulfan at Chennai, Mumbai and Goa suggest ongoing usage. Backward trajectories were computed using the NOAA HYSPLIT model to trace the air mass history. Result shows local/ regional sources of OCPs within India.
机译：印度在农业和病媒控制方面大量生产和使用有机氯农药（OCP）。尽管如此，关于印度城市大气中OCP的水平和分布的数据很少。因此，在2006年12月至2007年3月之间，对7个大城市进行了被动和主动空气采样：新德里，加尔各答，孟买，金奈，班加罗尔，果阿和阿格拉。浓度（pg-rrr〜（-3））如下：六氯环己烷890-17000（平均数：5400±4110）；滴滴涕250-6110（1470±1010）;氯丹290-5260（1530±790）;硫丹240-4650（1040±610）;和六氯代苯120-2890（790±510）。在印度观察到的六氯环己烷似乎是全球报告数量最高的。氯丹和硫丹的含量低于中国南部的水平。被动采样可以评估城市内部和城市之间的变化。不出所料，配对样本t检验分析显示区域差异高于局部差异。与1989年进行的研究得出的有限数据进行了比较，结果表明大多数地区的六氯环己烷和滴滴涕普遍下降。 γ-六氯环己烷在六氯环己烷信号中占主导地位，反映了林丹在印度的广泛使用，尽管加尔各答的异构体组成表明潜在的技术六氯环己烷使用。印度北部o，p'-/ p，p'-DDT比率高表明最近使用了DDT。新德里和加尔各答工业区的六氯代苯含量高表明有持续的来源。反式和顺式氯丹之间的相关性意味着持续使用。硫酸硫丹通常在硫丹信号中占主导地位，但钦奈，孟买和果阿的a // J-硫丹值较高，表明仍在使用。使用NOAA HYSPLIT模型计算后向轨迹，以追踪空气质量历史。结果显示了印度境内OCP的本地/区域来源。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2010年第21期|p.8038-8043|共6页
  • 作者

    PAROMITA CHAKRABORTY; GAN ZHANG; JUN LI; YUE XU; XIANG LIU; SHINSUKE TANABE; KEVIN C. IONES;

  • 作者单位

    State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry. Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640, China,State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;

    rnState Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640, China;

    rnState Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640, China;

    rnState Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640, China;

    rnState Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640, China;

    rnCentre for Marine Environmental Studies CCMES), Ehime University,Matsuyama 790-3577, Japan;

    rnLancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, U.K;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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