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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Passive Air Sampling Of Organochlorine Pesticides In Mexico
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Passive Air Sampling Of Organochlorine Pesticides In Mexico

机译：墨西哥有机氯农药的被动空气采样

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The spatial and temporal variation of organochlorine pesticides (OCs) in air across Mexico was investigated by deploying passive samplers at eleven stations across the country during 2005-2006. Integrated samples were taken over three-month periods and quantified for DDT compounds,endosulfans, toxaphenes, components of technical chlordane, hexachlo-rocyclohexanes (HCHs), and dieldrin. Enantiomers of chiral chlordanes and o,p'-DDT were determined on chiral stationary phase columns as an indicator of source and age. Results are discussed in combination with pumped air samples taken at four other stations in southern Mexico during 2002-2004. DDT and its metabolites, endosulfan and toxaphene were the most abundant OCs detected in all sampling sites. Atmospheric concentrations of 2DDT (p,p'-DDT + o,p'-DDT + p,p'-DDE + o,p'-DDE + p,p'-DDD + o,p'-DDD) ranged from 15 to 2360 pg m~(-3) with the highest concentrations found in southern Mexico and the lowest found in northern and central Mexico. A fresher DDT residue was observed at sites with greater DDT use and in the southern part of the country, as shown from the higher F_(DDTe) = p,p'-DDT/(p,p'-DDT + p,p'-DDE) and nearly racemic o,p'-DDT. This agrees with the former heavy use of DDT in the endemic malarious area of the country. A local hotspot of endosulfan was identified at an agricultural area in Mazatlan, Sinaloa, with a annual mean concentration of EENDO (endosulfans 1 + II + endosulfan sulfate) = 26,800 pg m~(-3). At this site, higher concentrations of 2ENDO were recorded during the winter (November to February) and spring (February to May) periods. From back trajectory analysis, this coincides with a shift in the air mass coming from the Pacific Ocean (May to November) to the inland agricultural area (November to May). The elevated EENDO observed is likely due to the local agricultural usage. HCHs, chlordanes, trans-nonachlors, and dieldrin were more evenly distributed across the country likely due to them being aged residues and more diffuse in the environment. In contrast, hotspots of endosulfans, DDTs, and toxaphenes were observed as they were heavily used in localized agricultural or malarious regions of Mexico.
机译：通过在2005-2006年期间，在全国11个站点部署无源采样器，研究了墨西哥空气中有机氯农药（OCs）的时空变化。在三个月的时间内采集了综合样本，并对滴滴涕化合物，硫丹，毒杀芬，工业用氯丹的成分，六氯环己烷（HCHs）和狄氏剂进行了定量。在手性固定相色谱柱上测定了手性氯丹和o，p'-DDT的对映异构体，作为来源和年龄的指标。结合2002年至2004年在墨西哥南部其他四个站点采集的抽气样品对结果进行了讨论。滴滴涕及其代谢产物，硫丹和毒杀芬是在所有采样点中检测到的最丰富的OC。 2DDT（p，p'-DDT + o，p'-DDT + p，p'-DDE + o，p'-DDE + p，p'-DDD + o，p'-DDD）的大气浓度范围为15到2360 pg m〜（-3），在墨西哥南部发现最高浓度，在墨西哥北部和中部发现最低浓度。从较高的F_（DDTe）= p，p'-DDT /（p，p'-DDT + p，p'更高的值可以看出，在使用DDT较多的地点和该国南部发现了较新鲜的DDT残留物。 -DDE）和外消旋的o，p'-DDT。这与该国流行病地区以前大量使用滴滴涕是一致的。在锡那罗亚州马萨特兰的一个农业地区发现了一个局部的硫丹热点地区，其年平均浓度为EENDO（硫丹1 + II +硫丹硫酸盐）= 26,800 pg m〜（-3）。在此站点，冬季（11月至2月）和春季（2月至5月）记录到较高浓度的2ENDO。从后向轨迹分析来看，这与从太平洋（5月至11月）到内陆农业区（11月至5月）的空气质量发生了变化。观察到的EENDO升高可能是由于当地的农业使用所致。六氯环己烷，氯丹，反式六氯环己烷和狄氏剂在全国范围内分布较均匀，这可能是由于它们是老化的残留物，并在环境中更扩散。相反，观察到硫丹，滴滴涕和毒杀芬的热点，因为它们在墨西哥的局部农业或疟疾流行地区大量使用。

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