• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Brominated Flame Retardants in Children's Toys: Concentration,Composition, and Children's Exposure and Risk Assessment
【24h】

Brominated Flame Retardants in Children's Toys: Concentration,Composition, and Children's Exposure and Risk Assessment

机译：儿童玩具中的溴化阻燃剂：浓度，成分以及儿童接触和风险评估

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) were found in children's toys purchased from South China. The median BFR concentrations in the hard plastic toys were 53 000, 5540 ng/g, 101.1 ng/g, and 27.9 ng/ g,fortotal PBDEs, DBDPE, BTBPE, and PBBs, respectively, which were notably higher than values in other toys. The PBDE concentrations were below the threshold limit (1000 ppm) required by the European Commission's Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) and Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directives in all of the toys, except for one hard plastic toy with a total PBDE concentration of 5 344 000 ng/g. The BFR profiles in the toys were consistent with the patterns of their current production and consumption in China, where PBDEs, specifically decaBDE product, were the dominant BFR, followed by the emerging DBDPE. The relatively high concentrations of octa- and nonaBDEs in the foam toys and the results of principal component analysis (PCA) may suggest the decomposition of highly brominated BDEs during the manufacturing processes of the toys. Daily total PBDE exposures associated with toys via inhalation, mouthing, dermal contact, and oral ingestion ranged from 82.6 to 8992 pg/kg bw-day for children of 3 months to 14 years of age. Higher exposures, predominantly contributed through the mouthing pathway, were observed for infants and toddlers than for the other subgroups. In most cases, children's BFR exposure via the toys likely accounts for a small proportion of their daily BFR exposure, and the hazard quotients for noncancer risk evaluation were far below 1. To the author's knowledge, this is the first study to examine the concentrations of BFRs in toys, and the potential exposures to children.
机译：在儿童中发现了溴化阻燃剂（BFR），包括多溴联苯醚（PBDEs），1,2-双（2,4,6-三溴苯氧基）乙烷（BTBPE），十溴二苯乙烷（DBDPE）和多溴联苯（PBB）。从华南购买的玩具。硬塑料玩具中的BFR中位数分别为PBDEs，DBDPE，BTBPE和PBBs的总PBDEs，DBDPE，BTBPE和PBBs分别为53 000、5540 ng / g，101.1 ng / g和27.9 ng / g。 。所有玩具中的PBDE浓度均低于欧洲委员会的有害物质限制（RoHS）和废弃电气电子设备（WEEE）指令所要求的阈值极限（1000 ppm），但一种硬塑料玩具的PBDE总量却除外浓度为5 344 000 ng / g。玩具中的BFR分布与其在中国目前的生产和消费方式一致，其中多溴二苯醚（特别是十溴二苯醚产品）是主要的BFR，其次是新兴的DBDPE。泡沫玩具中八溴二苯醚和九溴二苯醚的相对较高浓度以及主成分分析（PCA）的结果可能表明，在玩具的制造过程中，高溴化的溴化二苯醚会分解。对于3个月至14岁的儿童，通过吸入，口腔，皮肤接触和口服摄入与玩具相关的PBDE每日总暴露量为82.6至8992 pg / kg bw-day。与其他亚组相比，婴儿和幼儿观察到较高的暴露，主要是通过口腔途径引起的。在大多数情况下，儿童通过玩具进行的BFR暴露可能占其每日BFR暴露的一小部分，并且非癌症风险评估的危险因素远低于1。据作者所知，这是第一个研究检测儿童体内BFR浓度的研究。玩具中的BFR以及对儿童的潜在暴露。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2009年第11期|4200-4206|共7页
  • 作者

    SHE-JUN CHEN; YUN-JUAN MA; JING WANG; DA CHEN; XIAO-JUN LUO; BI-XIAN MAI;

  • 作者单位

    State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640, China;

    State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640, China Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;

    State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640, China Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;

    Department of Environmental and Aquatic Animal Health, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, The College of William and Mary,Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062;

    State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640, China;

    State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640, China;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号