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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Real-World Emission Factors for Antimony and Other Brake Wear Related Trace Elements: Size-Segregated Values for Light and Heavy Duty Vehicles
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Real-World Emission Factors for Antimony and Other Brake Wear Related Trace Elements: Size-Segregated Values for Light and Heavy Duty Vehicles

机译：锑和其他与制动磨损相关的微量元素的实际排放因子：轻型和重型车辆的尺寸分隔值

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摘要

Hourly trace element measurements were performed in an urban street canyon and next to an interurban freeway in Switzerland during more than one month each, deploying a rotating drum impactor (RDI) and subsequent sample analysis by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (SR-XRF). Antimony and other brake wear associated elements were detected in three particle size ranges (2.5-10,1-2.5, and 0.1-1 μm). The hourly measurements revealed that the effect of resuspended road dust has to be taken into account for the calculation of vehicle emission factors. Individual values for light and heavy duty vehicles were obtained for stop-and-go traffic in the urban street canyon. Mass based brake wear emissions were predominantly found in the coarse particle fraction. For antimony, determined emission factors were 11 ± 7 and 86 ± 42μg km~(-1) vehicle~(-1) for light and heavy duty vehicles, respectively. Antimony emissions along the interurban freeway with free-flowing traffic were significantly lower. Relative patterns for brake wear related elements were very similar for both considered locations. Beside vehicle type specific brake wear emissions, road dust resuspension was found to be a dominant contributor of antimony in the street canyon.
机译：每小时进行一次每小时微量元素测量，分别在城市街道峡谷和瑞士的一条城市间高速公路旁进行，每个月超过一个月，部署旋转鼓式冲击器（RDI），然后通过同步辐射X射线荧光光谱仪（SR-XRF）进行样品分析）。在三个粒径范围（2.5-10、1-2.5和0.1-1μm）中检测到锑和其他与制动器磨损相关的元素。每小时的测量显示，在计算车辆排放因子时，必须考虑重悬的道路扬尘的影响。轻型和重型车辆的各个值是针对城市街道峡谷中的停走交通而获得的。基于质量的制动器磨损排放主要存在于粗颗粒部分中。对于锑，确定的排放因子分别为轻型和重型车辆的11±7和86±42μgkm〜（-1）车辆〜（-1）。沿城际高速公路交通自由流动的锑排放量大大降低。在两个考虑的位置，与制动器磨损相关的元件的相对模式都非常相似。除了特定车辆类型的制动磨损排放物外，还发现道路粉尘的悬浮是街道峡谷中锑的主要贡献者。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2009年第21期|8072-8078|共7页
  • 作者

    NICOLAS BUKOWIECKI; PETER LIENEMANN; MATTHIAS HILL; RENATO FIGI; AGNES RICHARD; MARKUS FURGER; KAREN RICKERS; GERALD FALKENBERG; YONGJING ZHAO; STEVEN S. CLIFF; ANDRE S. H. PREVOT; URS BALTENSPERGER; BRIGITTE BUCHMANN; ROBERT GEHRIG;

  • 作者单位

    Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Ueberlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland;

    Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Ueberlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland;

    Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Ueberlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland;

    Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Ueberlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland;

    Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland;

    Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland;

    Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotmn DESY, Notkestr. 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany;

    Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotmn DESY, Notkestr. 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany;

    Department of Applied Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616;

    Department of Applied Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616;

    Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland;

    Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland;

    Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Ueberlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland;

    Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Ueberlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland;

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