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Transformation of Iron Species in Mixing Zones and Accumulation on Fish Gills

机译：混合区铁物种的转化及其在G中的积累

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The speciation of iron (Fe) strongly influences the deposition and accumulation on gills causing toxicity toward fish. The impacts of ferric (Fe(Ⅲ)) and ferrous (Fe(Ⅱ)) species on gill accumulation were studied in parallel flow-through channel experiments where Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) was kept in cages. Downstream of the pH 6.3 mixing point, where Fe(Ⅲ) ions or Fe(Ⅱ) ions were added continuously to lake water, the molecular mass of Fe (Ⅲ) increased within 0.5 min after mixing due to hydrolysis and polymerization, while the Fe(Ⅱ) species remained as low molecular mass (LMM) species 20 min after mixing. For fish exposed to the Fe(Ⅲ) enriched water (0.5 mg L~(-1)) the Fe accumulation on gills was high and decreased downstream, while low when Fe(Ⅱ) was added to water. By adjusting the Fe(Ⅱ) enriched water to pH 6.7, the oxidation of Fe(Ⅱ) forming Fe(Ⅲ) accelerated, the Fe accumulation on fish gills increased by a factor of 3, and high mortality (33%) was observed. Thus, input of Fe(Ⅱ) ions, oxidation of Fe(Ⅱ) at rates higher than 1.5 μg L~(-1) min~(-1), and continuous formation of LMM Fe(Ⅲ) species accumulating on gills can induce toxicity toward fish present in circumneutral freshwaters a long distance downstream from the entry points.
机译：铁（Fe）的形态强烈影响influence上的沉积和积累，从而对鱼类产生毒性。在将大西洋鲑（Salmo salar L.）关在笼子里的平行流道实验中研究了铁（Fe（Ⅲ））和亚铁（Fe（Ⅱ））种类对g堆积的影响。在pH 6.3混合点的下游，向湖水中连续添加Fe（Ⅲ）离子或Fe（Ⅱ）离子，由于水解和聚合作用，混合后Fe（Ⅲ）的分子量在0.5分钟内增加，而Fe混合后20分钟，（Ⅱ）物种仍保留为低分子量（LMM）物种。对于暴露于富含Fe（Ⅲ）的水（0.5 mg L〜（-1））的鱼，g上的Fe积累较高，而下游下降，而当水中添加Fe（Ⅱ）时则较低。通过将富铁（Ⅱ）的水调节至pH 6.7，加速了铁（Ⅱ）形成铁（Ⅲ）的氧化，鱼g上的铁积累增加了3倍，并观察到高死亡率（33％）。因此，Fe（Ⅱ）离子的输入，Fe（Ⅱ）以高于1.5μgL〜（-1）min〜（-1）的速率氧化以及在continuous上积累的LMM Fe（Ⅲ）物种的连续形成可以诱导对进入点下游很长距离的中性淡水中鱼类的毒性。

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