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Primary and Secondary Contributions to Ambient PM in the Midwestern United States

机译：美国中西部环境PM的主要和次要贡献

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Ambient PM2.5 samples were collected in five midwestern United States cities throughout 2004: East St. Louis, Illinois; Detroit, Michigan; Cincinnati, Ohio; Bondville, Illinois; and Northbrook, Illinois. Monthly composites were analyzed using chemical derivatization coupled with GC-MS analysis to estimate the contributions of several sources to the total ambient organic carbon. A chemical mass balance (CMB) approach was used to estimate contributions from several primary sources. An additional, organic tracer-based technique was employed to estimate secondary contributions, including secondary organic carbon derived from isoprene, a-pinene, β-caryophyJlene, and toluene. The sum of these contributions was compared with the total organic carbon measured at each sampling site, and reasonable carbon mass balances were observed for four of the five sites. In Bondville, Northbrook, Cincinnati, and Detroit a strong correlation was observed between the sum of the estimated primary and secondary contributions and the measured organic carbon (R~2 = 0.73). The estimated secondary organic carbon concentrations were observed to vary considerably with season, with the strongest contributions coming from isoprene and a-pinene during the summer. While further research is required, there is some evidence that the contribution estimates for a-pinene, β-caryophyllene, and toluene SOC may to some degree represent the contributions from the broader classes of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and aromatics.
机译：在整个2004年期间，从美国中西部五个城市收集了环境PM2.5样本：伊利诺伊州东圣路易斯；密歇根州底特律；俄亥俄州辛辛那提；伊利诺伊州邦德维尔;和伊利诺伊州诺斯布鲁克。使用化学衍生化结合GC-MS分析对月复合材料进行分析，以估算几种来源对总环境有机碳的贡献。使用化学物质平衡（CMB）方法来估算几个主要来源的贡献。还使用了另一种基于有机示踪剂的技术来估算次级贡献，包括衍生自异戊二烯，α--烯，β-石竹烯和甲苯的次级有机碳。将这些贡献的总和与每个采样点测得的总有机碳进行比较，并在五个采样点中的四个观测到合理的碳质量平衡。在邦德维尔，诺斯布鲁克，辛辛那提和底特律，观察到的主要贡献和次要贡献之和与测得的有机碳之间存在很强的相关性（R〜2 = 0.73）。估计的次级有机碳浓度随季节变化很大，夏季贡献最大的是异戊二烯和α-pine烯。尽管需要进一步的研究，但有一些证据表明，α-pine烯，β-石竹烯和甲苯SOC的贡献估算值在某种程度上可以代表更广泛类别的单萜，倍半萜和芳香族化合物的贡献。

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