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Comparison of Two U.S. Power-Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions Data Sets

机译：美国两个电厂二氧化碳排放数据集的比较

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Estimates of fossil-fuel CO_2 emissions are needed to address a variety of climate-change mitigation concerns over a broad range of spatial and temporal scales. We compared two data sets that report power-plant CO_2 emissions in the conterminous U.S. for 2004, the most recent year reported in both data sets. The data sets were obtained from the Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration (EIA) and the Environmental Protection Agency's eGRID database. Conterminous U.S. total emissions computed from the data sets differed by 3.5% fortotal plant emissions (electricity plus useful thermal output) and 2.3% for electricity generation only. These differences are well within previous estimates of uncertainty in annual U.S. fossil-fuel emissions. However, the corresponding average absolute differences between estimates of emissions from individual power plants were much larger, 16.9% and 25.3%, respectively. By statistical analysis, we identified several potential sources of differences between EIA and eGRID estimates for individual plants. Estimates that are based partly or entirely on monitoring of stack gases (reported by eGRID only) differed significantly from estimates based on fuel consumption (as reported by EIA). Differences in accounting methods appear to explain differences in estimates for emissions from electricity generation from combined heat and power plants, and for total and electricity generation emissions from plants that burn nonconventional fuels (e.g., biomass). Our analysis suggests the need for care in utilizing emissions data from individual power plants, and the need for transparency in documenting the accounting and monitoring methods used to estimate emissions.
机译：需要估算化石燃料的CO_2排放量，以解决广泛的时空尺度上各种缓解气候变化的问题。我们比较了两个数据集，这些数据集报告了2004年美国本土的电厂CO_2排放量，这是这两个数据集中报告的最新年份。数据集来自能源部能源信息管理局（EIA）和环境保护局的eGRID数据库。根据数据集计算得出的美国总排放量在工厂总排放量（电力加上有用的热量输出）中相差3.5％，而仅发电量相差2.3％。这些差异完全在先前对美国年度化石燃料排放不确定性的估计之内。但是，各个发电厂排放量估计值之间的相应平均绝对差值分别大得多，分别为16.9％和25.3％。通过统计分析，我们确定了单个植物的EIA和eGRID估算之间差异的几种潜在来源。部分或全部基于烟气监测的估算（仅由eGRID报告）与基于燃料消耗的估算（EIA报告）有很大差异。核算方法的差异似乎可以解释热电联产电厂的排放量估算值以及燃烧非常规燃料（例如生物质）的电厂的总排放量和发电量估算值的差异。我们的分析表明，在使用各个发电厂的排放数据时需要格外小心，在记录用于估算排放量的核算和监测方法时，必须保持透明。

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