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The Importance of Carbon Footprint Estimation Boundaries

机译：碳足迹估算边界的重要性

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Because of increasing concern about global climate change and carbon emissions as a causalfactor, many companies and organizations are pursuing "carbon footprint" projects to estimate their own contributions to global climate change. Protocol definitions from carbon registries help organizations analyze their footprints. The scope of these protocols varies but generally suggests estimating only direct emissions and emissions from purchased energy, with less focus on supply chain emissions. In contrast, approaches based on comprehensive environmental life-cycle assessment methods are available to track total emissions across the entire supply chain, and experience suggests that following narrowly defined estimation protocols will generally lead to large underestimates of carbon emissions for providing products and services. Direct emissions from an industry are, on average, only 14% of the total supply chain carbon emissions (often called Tier 1 emissions), and direct emissions plus industry energy inputs are, on average, only 26% of the total supply chain emissions (often called Tier 1 and 2 emissions). Without a full knowledge of their footprints, firms will be unable to pursue the most cost-effective carbon mitigation strategies. We suggest that firms use the screening-level analysis described here to set the bounds of their footprinting strategy to ensure that they do not ignore large sources of environmental effects across their supply chains. Such information can help firms pursue carbon and environmental emission mitigation projects not only within their own plants but also across their supply chain.
机译：由于人们越来越关注全球气候变化和碳排放的成因，因此许多公司和组织正在推行“碳足迹”项目，以估算其自身对全球气候变化的贡献。碳注册机构的协议定义可帮助组织分析其足迹。这些协议的范围各不相同，但通常建议仅估算直接排放和购买能源的排放，而较少关注供应链排放。相反，基于综合环境生命周期评估方法的方法可用于跟踪整个供应链的总排放量，经验表明，遵循狭义定义的估算协议，通常会导致提供产品和服务的碳排放量被大大低估了。一个行业的直接排放量平均仅占供应链总碳排放量的14％（通常称为方法1排放量），而直接排放量加上行业能源输入量平均仅占供应链总排放量的26％（通常称为方法1和方法2排放）。如果不完全了解自己的足迹，企业将无法追求最具成本效益的碳减排战略。我们建议公司使用此处描述的筛选级别分析来设置其足迹战略的界限，以确保它们不会忽略整个供应链中大量环境影响的来源。这些信息不仅可以帮助企业在自己的工厂内，而且可以在其整个供应链中推行减少碳和环境排放的项目。

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