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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Competitive, Microbially-mediated Reduction Of Nitrate With Sulfide And Aromatic Oil Components In A Low-temperature, Western Canadian Oil Reservoir
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Competitive, Microbially-mediated Reduction Of Nitrate With Sulfide And Aromatic Oil Components In A Low-temperature, Western Canadian Oil Reservoir

机译：在加拿大西部低温油藏中，通过竞争性的微生物介导的硫化物和芳香油组分还原硝酸盐

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Fields from which oil is produced by injection of sulfate-bearing water often exhibit an increase in sulfide concentration with time (souring). Nitrate added to the injection water lowers the sulfide concentration by the action of sulfide-oxidizing, nitrate-reducing bacteria (SO-NRB). However, the injected nitrate can also be reduced with oil organics by heterotrophic NRB (hNRB). Aqueous volatile fatty acids (VFAs; a mixture of acetate, propionate, and butyrate) are considered important electron donors in this regard. Injection and produced waters from a western Canadian oil field with a low in situ reservoir temperature (30 ℃) had only 0.1-0.2 mM VFAs. Amendment of these waters with nitrate gave therefore only partial reduction. More nitrate was reduced when 2% (v/v) oil was added, with light oil giving more reduction than heavy oil. GC-MS analysis of in vitro degraded oils and electron balance considerations indicated that toluene served as the primary electron donor for nitrate reduction. The differences in the extent of nitrate reduction were thus related to the toluene content of the light and heavy oil (30 and 5 mM, respectively). Reduction of nitrate with sulfide by SO-NRB always preceded that with oil organics by hNRB, even though microbially catalyzed kinetics with either electron donor were similar. Inhibition of hNRB by sulfide is responsible for this phenomenon. Injected nitrate will thus initially be reduced with sulfide through the action of SO-NRB. However, once sulfide has been eliminated from the near-injection wellbore region, oil organics will be targeted by the action of hNRB. Hence, despite the kinetic advantage of SO-NRB, the nitrate dose required to eliminate sulfide from a reservoir depends on the concentration of hNRB-degradable oil organics, with toluene being the most important in the field under study. Because the toluene concentration is lower in heavy oil than in light oil, nitrate injection into a heavy-oil-producing field of low temperature is more likely to succeed in containing souring.
机译：通过注入含硫酸盐的水来生产石油的油田通常会显示硫化物浓度随时间增加（变酸）。添加到注入水中的硝酸盐通过硫化物氧化，减少硝酸盐的细菌（SO-NRB）的作用降低了硫化物的浓度。但是，注入的硝酸盐也可以通过异养NRB（hNRB）与油类有机物还原。在这方面，挥发性脂肪酸水溶液（VFA；乙酸盐，丙酸盐和丁酸盐的混合物）被认为是重要的电子供体。来自加拿大西部油田的低注入水（30℃）的注入水和采出水只有0.1-0.2 mM VFA。因此，用硝酸盐修正这些水只能部分还原。当添加2％（v / v）的油时，硝酸盐会减少更多，轻油比重油的减少量更大。对体外降解油的GC-MS分析和电子平衡考虑表明，甲苯是硝酸盐还原的主要电子供体。因此，硝酸盐还原程度的差异与轻油和重油的甲苯含量（分别为30和5 mM）有关。即使使用任一电子给体的微生物催化动力学相似，SO-NRB硫化物对硝酸盐的还原作用总是比hNRB对石油有机物的还原作用先进行。硫化物抑制hNRB是造成这种现象的原因。因此，通过SO-NRB的作用，最初注入的硝酸盐将被硫化物还原。但是，一旦从近注入井筒区域中消除了硫化物，hNRB的作用就会将油有机物作为目标。因此，尽管具有SO-NRB的动力学优势，但从储层中消除硫化物所需的硝酸盐剂量取决于hNRB可降解的油类有机物的浓度，其中甲苯是研究领域中最重要的。由于重油中的甲苯浓度低于轻油中的甲苯浓度，因此将硝酸盐注入低温重油生产领域更可能成功地遏制酸味。

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