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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Changes in palladium, platinum, and rhodium concentrations, and their spatial distribution in soils along a major highway in Germany from 1994 to 2004
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Changes in palladium, platinum, and rhodium concentrations, and their spatial distribution in soils along a major highway in Germany from 1994 to 2004

机译：1994年至2004年德国主要公路沿线土壤中钯，铂和铑浓度的变化及其空间分布

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Soil samples were collected along the highway A5 from the major junctions Frankfurter Kreuz to Darmstader Kreuz from July to September, 2004 and analyzed for palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), and rhodium (Rh). The results were compared to analyses of platinum group elements (PGE) in soils collected along this same stretch of highway in 1994. The goal of this study is to detect any changes that may have occurred in the concentration and environmental distribution patterns of these metals over this 10 year period. The concentrations of Pd in soils along the highway were found to be about 15 times higher on average than those measured in 1994. Pt and Rh concentrations increased 2 and 1.6 times, respectively, during this time period. The significant rise in Pd concentrations in soils observed for the time period of analysis is likely due to its use in automobile catalytic converters in Germany since 1993. The results also show a strong positive relationship between PGE emissions and traffic density and speed. The results indicate that increases in the concentrations of Pd, Pt, and Rh in soils along the highway are not limited to the soil surface. Pt was measured as deep as 12 cm. Pd was determined at even greater depths of 12-16 cm. The presence of Pd at lower depths compared to Pt suggests that this element has a higher solubility. Pd, Pt, and Rh concentrations display a strong inverse relationship with distance from the road, with decreasing levels with increasing distance from the highway. Nonetheless, Pd and Pt were detected in a meadow as far as 50 m from the highway, a much greater distance compared to that measured for these metals in 1994. Pt concentrations were also found to significantly correlate with levels of Rh and Pd. The ratios between the PGE analyzed (Pt/Rh and Pd/Rh) display a shift toward Pt and Pd. The results clearly show that PGE concentrations have increased over time. Observed increases in Pd concentrations are particularly a cause of concern.
机译：2004年7月至9月，沿着A5高速公路从法兰克福克罗伊茨（Frankfurter Kreuz）到达姆斯塔德克罗兹（Darmstader Kreuz）主要交界处采集了土壤样品，并分析了钯（Pd），铂（Pt）和铑（Rh）。将该结果与1994年沿同一条高速公路收集的土壤中的铂族元素（PGE）进行分析进行了比较。本研究的目的是检测这些金属的浓度和环境分布格局可能发生的任何变化。这十年。发现公路沿线土壤中的Pd含量平均比1994年的平均含量高15倍。在此期间，Pt和Rh含量分别增加了2倍和1.6倍。在分析期间观察到的土壤中Pd浓度的显着上升可能是由于自1993年以来在德国的汽车催化转化器中使用了Pd。结果还表明PGE排放与交通密度和速度之间存在很强的正相关关系。结果表明，公路沿线土壤中Pd，Pt和Rh的浓度增加不仅限于土壤表面。测得的铂深达12厘米。在更大的12-16 cm深度处确定了Pd。与Pt相比，Pd在较低深度处的存在表明该元素具有较高的溶解度。 Pd，Pt和Rh的浓度与距道路的距离呈强烈反比关系，且距公路的距离随着水平的增加而降低。尽管如此，在距公路50 m的草地上仍检测到Pd和Pt，与1994年对这些金属的测量值相比，该距离更大。Pt的浓度也与Rh和Pd的含量显着相关。分析的PGE之间的比率（Pt / Rh和Pd / Rh）显示向Pt和Pd的偏移。结果清楚地表明，PGE浓度随时间增加。观察到的Pd浓度增加尤其令人关注。

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