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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Modeling Combined Effects of Pulsed Exposure to Carbaryl and Chlorpyrifos on Gammarus Pulex
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Modeling Combined Effects of Pulsed Exposure to Carbaryl and Chlorpyrifos on Gammarus Pulex

机译：对伽马鲁斯脉冲虫的甲萘威和毒死rif脉冲暴露的联合影响建模

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摘要

Aquatic risk assessment can be improved if we are able to quantitatively predict the effects resulting from sequential pulsed exposure to multiple compounds. We evaluate two modeling approaches, both extended to suit multiple compounds, the semi-mechanistic threshold damage model (TDM), and a model based on time-weighted averages (TWA). The TDM predicts that recovery of damage to Gammarus pulex from exposure to chlorpyrifos takes longer than that from exposure to carbaryl and consequently that the sequence of exposure matters. We measured survival of the freshwater invertebrate Gammarus pulex after sequential pulsed exposure to carbaryl and chlorpyrifos. Two groups of organisms were exposed to a first pulse of either carbaryl or chlorpyrifos for 1 day and then, after a recovery period of two weeks, to a second pulse with the other compound. The comparison of mortalities caused by each pulse, as well as combined mortalities in both treatments, show that the sequence of exposure to pulses of contaminants does indeed matter. Previous exposure to chlorpyrifos leads to significantly increased mortality from subsequent pulses of carbaryl, but not the other way round. The TDM facilitates a process-based ecotoxicological explanation by simulating the recovery dynamics and outperforms the TWA model.
机译：如果我们能够定量预测连续脉冲暴露于多种化合物所产生的影响，则可以改善水生风险评估。我们评估了两种建模方法（均适用于多种化合物），半机械阈值损伤模型（TDM）和基于时间加权平均值（TWA）的模型。 TDM预测，暴露于毒死rif对伽玛鲁氏菌造成的破坏要比暴露于甲萘威的时间更长，因此，暴露的顺序很重要。在连续脉冲暴露于西维因和毒死rif之后，我们测量了淡水无脊椎动物伽玛虫的存活。将两组生物分别暴露于甲萘威或毒死rif的第一个脉冲下1天，然后在两周的恢复期后与另一种化合物进行第二个脉冲。比较每个脉冲造成的死亡率以及两种处理中的合并死亡率，表明暴露于污染物脉冲的顺序确实很重要。先前接触毒死rif会使随后的西维因脉冲产生的死亡率显着增加，但反之则不然。 TDM通过模拟采收动态来促进基于过程的生态毒理学解释，并且优于TWA模型。

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