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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Comparative Study of Regulated and Unregulated Air Pollutant Emissions before and after Conversion of Automobiles from Gasoline Power to Liquefied Petroleum Gas/Gasoline Dual-Fuel Retrofits
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Comparative Study of Regulated and Unregulated Air Pollutant Emissions before and after Conversion of Automobiles from Gasoline Power to Liquefied Petroleum Gas/Gasoline Dual-Fuel Retrofits

机译：汽车从汽油动力转换为液化气/汽油双燃料改造前后的受控和非受控空气污染物排放的比较研究

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Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is increasingly being examined as an alternative to gasoline use in automobiles as interest grows in reducing air pollutant emissions. In this study, emissions of regulated (CO, THC, NO_x) and unregulated air pollutants, including CO_2, particulate matter (PM), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and BTEX (acronym for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene), were measured before and after conversion of nine gasoline-powered automobiles to LPG/ gasoline dual-fuel retrofits. The tests were conducted on a standard chassis dynamometer in accordance with the United States Environmental Protection Agency FTP-75test procedure, with the exception that all tests were conducted under hot-start driving conditions. The influences of LPG on air pollutant emission levels and carcinogenic potency were investigated and compared with gasoline. The results showed average emission factors of 0.14 g/km, 0.33 mg/km, 0.09 g/km, 0.44 g/km, and 197 g/km for CO, THC, NO_x, PM, and CO_2, respectively, for LPG/ gasoline dual-fuel retrofits. Paired-sample f-test results indicated that the emissions of CO (p = 0.03), THC (p = 0.04), and CO_2 (p = 4.6 × 10~(-8)) were significantly reduced with the retrofit in comparison with gasoline-powered automobiles. The reduction percentages were 71%, 89%, and 14% for CO, THC, and CO2, respectively. The average total PAH emission factor for LPG was 217 μg/km, which is significantly lower than gasoline (863 μg/km; p = 0.05). The PAH corresponding carcinogenicities (BaP_(eq)) were calculated via toxic equivalencies based on benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). Paired-sample f-test results fortotal BaP_(eq) emissions showed no significant difference between gasoline (30.0 /ig/km) and LPG (24.8 μg/km) at a confidence level of 95%. The discrepancy between PAH and BaP_(eq) emissions resulted from the higher emission percentages of high molecular weight PAHs for LPG, which might be from lubricant oil. The average emission factors of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene were 351, 4400, 324, and 1100 μg/ km, respectively, with LPG as fuel, which were all significantly lower than those for gasoline (95% confidence level). The average reduction percentages were 78%, 61%, 57%, and 58% for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene, respectively.
机译：随着人们越来越关注减少空气污染物的排放，液化石油气（LPG）越来越多地被研究作为汽车中汽油的替代品。在这项研究中，排放的是受管制的（CO，THC，NO_x）和不受管制的空气污染物，包括CO_2，颗粒物（PM），多环芳烃（PAHs）和BTEX（苯，甲苯，乙苯，二甲苯的缩写）在将9辆汽油动力汽车转换为LPG /汽油双燃料改装之前和之后进行的测量。根据美国环境保护局的FTP-75test程序，在标准底盘测功机上进行了测试，但所有测试均在热启动驾驶条件下进行。研究了液化石油气对空气污染物排放水平和致癌性的影响，并与汽油进行了比较。结果表明，LPG /汽油的CO，THC，NO_x，PM和CO_2的平均排放因子分别为0.14 g / km，0.33 mg / km，0.09 g / km，0.44 g / km和197 g / km双燃料改造。配对样本f检验结果表明，与汽油相比，改造后的CO（p = 0.03），THC（p = 0.04）和CO_2（p = 4.6×10〜（-8））的排放量显着降低动力汽车。 CO，THC和CO2的减少百分比分别为71％，89％和14％。 LPG的平均PAH总排放因子为217μg/ km，明显低于汽油（863μg/ km； p = 0.05）。通过基于苯并（a）py（BaP）的毒性当量计算PAH相应的致癌性（BaP_eq）。 BaP_（eq）排放总量的配对样本f检验结果显示，在置信度为95％的情况下，汽油（30.0 / ig / km）和LPG（24.8μg/ km）之间没有显着差异。 PAH和BaP_（eq）排放量之间的差异是由于LPG的高分子量PAHs的排放百分比较高所致，而这可能来自润滑油。以LPG为燃料，苯，甲苯，乙苯和二甲苯的平均排放因子分别为351、4400、324和1100μg/ km，均显着低于汽油（95％置信水平）。苯，甲苯，乙苯和二甲苯的平均还原率分别为78％，61％，57％和58％。

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