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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Model predictions of metal speciation in freshwaters compared to measurements by in situ techniques
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Model predictions of metal speciation in freshwaters compared to measurements by in situ techniques

机译：与现场技术测量相比，淡水中金属形态的模型预测

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Measurements of trace metal species in situ in a softwater river, a hardwater lake, and a hardwater stream were compared to the equilibrium distribution of species calculated using two models, WHAM 6, incorporating humic ion binding model VI and visual MINTEQ incorporating NICA-Donnan. Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and voltammetry at a gel integrated microelectrode (GIME) were used to estimate dynamic species that are both labile and mobile. The Donnan membrane technique (DMT) and hollow fiber permeation liquid membrane (HFPLM) were used to measure free ion activities. Predictions of dominant metal species using the two models agreed reasonably well, even when colloidal oxide components were considered. Concentrations derived using GIME were generally lower than those from DGT, consistent with calculations of the lability criteria that take into account the smaller time window available for the flux to GIME. Model predictions of free ion activities generally did not agree with measurements, highlighting the need for further work and difficulties in obtaining appropriate input data.
机译：比较了在软水河，硬水湖和硬水流中的痕量金属物种的测量结果，与使用两种模型（结合了腐殖离子结合模型VI的WHAM 6和结合了NICA-Donnan的可视MINTEQ）计算出的物种平衡分布进行了比较。薄膜中的扩散梯度（DGT）和凝胶集成微电极（GIME）的伏安法用于估算不稳定和可移动的动态物质。 Donnan膜技术（DMT）和中空纤维渗透液膜（HFPLM）用于测量自由离子活性。即使考虑了胶体氧化物成分，使用这两种模型对主要金属种类的预测也相当吻合。使用GIME得出的浓度通常低于DGT得出的浓度，这与考虑到GIME助焊剂的可用时间窗口较小的不可靠标准的计算一致。游离离子活度的模型预测通常与测量结果不一致，这突出表明了进一步工作的需求以及获取适当输入数据的困难。

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