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Evaluation of the Dekati mass monitor for the measurement of exhaust particle mass emissions

机译：评估Dekati质量监控器以测量排气颗粒质量排放

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The Dekati mass monitor (DMM) is an instrument which measures the mass concentration of airborne particles in real time by combining aerodynamic and mobility size particle classification. In this study, we evaluate the performance of the DMM by sampling exhaust from five engines and vehicles of different technologies in both steady-state and transient tests. DMM results are found higher than the filter-based particulate matter (PM) by 39 +/- 24% (range stands for +/- one standard deviation) for 62 diesel tests conducted in total and 3% and 14% higher, respectively, in two gasoline tests. To explore whether the difference occurs because of the different measurement principles of DMM and filter-based PM, the DMM operation is replicated over steady-state tests by combining an electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI) and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). The correlation of ELPI and SMPS derived mass and filter-based PM is satisfactory (R-2 = 0.95) with a mean deviation of 5 +/- 15%. For the same tests, the correlation of DMM with PM was also high (R-2 = 0.95), but DMM exceeded PM by 44 +/- 23% on average. The comparison of ELPI and SMPS and DMM results reveals that the latter overestimates both the geometric mean diameter and especially the width of the particle mass-weighted size distribution. These findings demonstrate that the statistically significant difference between the DMM and the filter-based PM cannot just originate from the different measurement principles but also from the actual implementation of the combined aerodynamic-mobility measurement in the DMM. Optimizing the DMM will require changes in its design and/or the calculation algorithm to improve the resolution and width of the aerodynamic size distribution recorded.
机译：Dekati质量监控器（DMM）是一种通过结合空气动力学尺寸和迁移率尺寸颗粒分类实时测量空气中颗粒质量浓度的仪器。在这项研究中，我们通过在稳态和瞬态测试中对来自五台不同技术的发动机和车辆的废气进行采样来评估数字万用表的性能。发现DMM结果比进行过滤的颗粒物（PM）高39 +/- 24％（范围代表+/-一个标准偏差），共进行62次柴油测试，分别高出3％和14％，在两次汽油测试中。为了探究是否由于数字万用表和基于过滤器的PM的测量原理不同而发生差异，通过结合使用电动低压冲击器（ELPI）和扫描迁移率粒度仪（SMPS），在稳态测试中复制了数字万用表的操作。 ELPI和SMPS得出的质量与基于过滤器的PM的相关性令人满意（R-2 = 0.95），平均偏差为5 +/- 15％。对于相同的测试，DMM与PM的相关性也很高（R-2 = 0.95），但DMM平均比PM高出44 +/- 23％。 ELPI和SMPS和DMM结果的比较表明，后者高估了几何平均直径，尤其是颗粒质量加权粒度分布的宽度。这些发现表明，数字万用表与基于过滤器的PM之间的统计上的显着差异不仅可以源自不同的测量原理，而且还可以归因于DMM中组合式气动流动性测量的实际实施。优化数字万用表将需要对其设计和/或计算算法进行更改，以提高所记录的空气动力学尺寸分布的分辨率和宽度。

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