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Contribution of municipal effluents to metal fluxes in the St. Lawrence river

机译：圣劳伦斯河城市污水对金属通量的贡献

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The contribution of urban effluents to the total metal fluxes carried toward the sea by the St. Lawrence, a major world river, is 60% for Ag; 8-13% for Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, and Bi; and less than 3% for all other measured elements (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe Co, Ni, As, Rb, Sr, Zr, Cs, Ba, W, Re, Pb,Th, U). This is inferred from measurements at the Montreal wastewater treatment plant. Except for Ag, municipal effluents do not weigh heavily on the St. Lawrence River metal budget, likely because of the physical-chemical primary treatment applied to most effluents. Compared to direct atmospheric deposition on the surface of the river, effluents would contribute half as much Pb and one-tenth as much Zn. In contrast, effluents deliver twice as much Cd and six times as much Cu as the atmosphere. Stable Pb isotope ratios ((206)pb/(207) Pb, Pb-206/Pb-208) in suspended particulate matter from the river indicate that the total Pb content in the river water is three times higher than the pristine level. The ratios of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd to Al in suspended particulate matter are high as compared to pre-industrial sediments, which suggests that trace element fluxes are higher today. To decrease metal levels in the St. Lawrence River further will be a challenge since the sources of metals are not well-known.
机译：对于世界上主要的河流圣劳伦斯来说，城市污水对金属通向大海的总金属通量的贡献率为60％。 Cu，Zn，Mo，Cd和Bi占8-13％；对于所有其他测得的元素（Al，V，Cr，Mn，Fe Co，Ni，As，Rb，Sr，Zr，Cs，Ba，W，Re，Pb，Th，U）小于3％。这是从蒙特利尔废水处理厂的测量得出的。除银外，市政废水不会对圣劳伦斯河的金属预算造成沉重负担，这很可能是由于对大多数废水进行了物理化学初级处理。与直接在河流表面沉积大气相比，废水中的Pb占一半，而Zn占十分之一。相比之下，废水中的Cd和Cu的排放量是大气的两倍。河流中悬浮颗粒物中稳定的铅同位素比（（206）pb /（207）Pb，Pb-206 / Pb-208）表明，河水中的总Pb含量比原始水平高三倍。与工业化前的沉积物相比，悬浮颗粒物中的Cr，Ni，Cu，Zn和Cd与Al的比例较高，这表明今天的微量元素通量更高。由于金属来源尚不为人所知，因此要进一步降低圣劳伦斯河中的金属含量将是一个挑战。

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