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Dissolution of an emplaced source of DNAPL in a natural aquifer setting

机译：在天然含水层中溶解DNAPL的来源

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摘要

Field-scale dissolution of a multicomponent DNAPL (dense nonaqueous-phase liquid) source intentionally emplaced below the water table is evaluated in a well characterized natural aquifer setting. The block-shaped source contained 23 kg of a trichloromethane, trichloroethene, and perchloroethene mixture homogeneously distributed at 5% saturation of pore space. Dissolution was monitored for 3 yr via down-gradient samplers (1-m fence) and occasional intra-source sampling. Although intra-source equilibrium dissolution was shown and endorsed by supporting modeling and literature lab data, less than equilibrium concentrations were predominantly monitored in the 1-m fence. This was ascribed to significant by-passing of the source by groundwater flow due to its low permeability relative to the aquifer and associated dilution of concentrations emitted from the source. Heterogeneous source dissolution occurred despite the relative homogeneity of the source and aquifer and was ascribed to dissolution fingering, which has not been previously field-demonstrated. Bulk bypass of groundwater flow around the source zone caused slow dissolution rates, with 77% of the source remaining after 3 yr and a projected longevity of similar to25 yr. Observed dissolution fingering would have significantly increased longevity as it increasingly caused intra-source bypass of remaining DNAPL. Our dissolution interpretations were endorsed by additional data collected after 6 yr during source remediation via permanganate oxidation.
机译：在特征明确的天然含水层环境中评估了故意放置在地下水位以下的多组分DNAPL（致密非水相液体）源的现场规模溶解。块状源包含23千克三氯甲烷，三氯乙烯和全氯乙烯混合物，均匀分布在5％的孔隙空间中。通过下坡度采样器（1-m围栏）和偶尔的源内采样，对溶出进行了3年的监测。尽管通过支持建模和文献实验室数据显示并认可了源内平衡溶出度，但在1-m围栏中主要监测不到平衡浓度。这归因于地下水流相对于含水层的渗透率低，以及水源的排放浓度被稀释，导致地下水被水源旁路。尽管水源和含水层相对均匀，但仍发生了非均质水源溶解，这归因于溶解指法，这在以前尚未得到现场证实。大量绕开源区周围的地下水导致溶解速度缓慢，3年后仍保留77％的源，预计寿命约25年。观察到的溶解指法将大大延长其寿命，因为它越来越多地导致残留DNAPL的源内旁路。我们的溶出度解释受到6年后在通过高锰酸盐氧化进行源修复的过程中收集的其他数据的认可。

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