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Model Demonstrating the Potential for Coupled Nitrification Denitrification in Soil Aggregates

机译：展示土壤团聚体中耦合硝化反硝化潜力的模型

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摘要

A model of reactive,multi-species diffusion has been developed to describe N transformations in spherical soil aggregates,emphasizing the effects of irrigation with reclaimed wastewater.Oxygen demand for respiratory activity has been shown to promote the establishment of anaerobic conditions.Aggregate size and soil respiration rate were identified as the most significant parameters governing the existence and extent of the anaerobic volume in aggregates.The inclusion of kinetic models describing mineralization,nitrification,and denitrification facilitated the investigation of coupled nitrification/denitrification (CND),subject to 02 availability.N-transformations are shown to be affected by effluent-borne NH_4~+-N content,in addition to elevated BOD and pH levels.Their incremental contribution to O_2 availability has been found to be secondary to respiratory activity.At the aggregate level,significant differences between apparent and gross rates of N-transformations were predicted (e.g.,NH_4~+ oxidation and N_2 formation),resulting from diffusive constraints due to aggregate size.With increasing anaerobic volume,the effective nitrification rate determined at the aggregates level decreases until its contribution to nitrification is negligible.It was found that the nitrification process was predominantly limited to aggregates <0.25 cm.Assuming that nitrification is the main source for NO_3~- formation,denitrification efficiency is predicted to peak in medium-sized aggregates,where aerobic and anaerobic conditions coexist,supporting CND.In effluent-irrigated soils,the predicted NO_2~- formation rate in small aggregates is enhanced when compared to freshwater-irrigated soils.The difference vanishes with increasing aggregate size as anaerobic NO_2~- consumption exceeds aerobic N0_2~- formation due to the coupling of nitrification and denitrification.
机译：建立了反应性，多物种扩散模型来描述球形土壤团聚体中的氮转化，强调了再生废水灌溉的效果。对呼吸活动的需氧量促进了厌氧条件的建立。呼吸速率被认为是控制骨料中厌氧量的存在和程度的最重要参数。描述矿化，硝化和反硝化的动力学模型的加入促进了硝化/反硝化耦合（CND）的研究，但要取决于02的可用性。除提高BOD和pH值外，N转化还受污水中NH_4〜+ -N含量的影响。它们对O_2利用率的增量贡献是呼吸活动的继发性。预测了N转化的表观速率与总转化率之间的差异（例如NH_4〜+氧化和N_2的形成），是由于骨料尺寸引起的扩散约束所致。随着厌氧量的增加，在骨料水平确定的有效硝化速率降低，直到其对硝化作用的影响可忽略不计。主要限制在<0.25 cm的团聚体上。假设硝化作用是NO_3〜-形成的主要来源，预计在有氧和厌氧条件共存并支持CND的中型团聚体中，硝化效率达到峰值。与淡水灌溉的土壤相比，小团聚体中预测的NO_2〜-形成速率得到了提高。随着硝化和反硝化的耦合，厌氧型NO_2〜-的消耗量超过需氧的N0_2〜-的形成，差异随集料尺寸的增加而消失。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2005年第11期|p.4180-4188|共9页
  • 作者

    ARIE KREMEN; URI SHAVIT; AVI SHAVIV; JACOB BEAR;

  • 作者单位

    The Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Technion-Israel Institute of Technology,Haifa,Israel;

    The Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Technion-Israel Institute of Technology,Haifa,Israel;

    The Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Technion-Israel Institute of Technology,Haifa,Israel;

    The Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Technion-Israel Institute of Technology,Haifa,Israel;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 环境化学;
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