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A novel method for determination of size-resolved, submicrometer particle traffic emission factors

机译：确定尺寸分辨的亚微米颗粒交通排放因子的新方法

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摘要

A novel approach to determine size-segregated particle number emission factors for traffic is presented. It was proven that using limited data sets (800-2000 samples) statistically significant emission factors from road traffic can be extracted. In this study data from four sites were used for calculating emission factors (rural and urban roadside, urban rooftop, and urban background). The measurements were performed using SMPS/DMPS (scanning or differential particle sizers) from TSI and commercial gas analyzers. Describing the particle concentration as a ratio to an exhaust trace gas, e.g. NOx, the dilution effect will be minimized. This ratio is easily compared among different studies. By knowledge of the emission factor of the chosen trace gas the emission ratio can be converted to an emission factor for particle numbers of defined particle sizes. For the presented method only one measurement site is needed, where the difference between high and low (background) traffic exposure is used. To define high and low traffic exposure,the best result was obtained using high ratio of [NO] to [NO2] and low [NOx], respectively. Emission ratios for 10-100-nm particles at two road sites, one high-speed 90-kmph rural case and one urban, slower, and more congested situation, were determined to (35 +/- 15) x 10(14) and (24 +/- 8) x 10(14) particles per mole NOx, respectively.
机译：提出了一种新的方法来确定交通流量的大小分离的颗粒数排放因子。事实证明，使用有限的数据集（800-2000个样本），可以从道路交通中提取具有统计意义的排放因子。在本研究中，使用了四个地点的数据来计算排放因子（农村和城市路边，城市屋顶和城市背景）。使用TSI和商用气体分析仪的SMPS / DMPS（扫描或差分粒度仪）进行测量。将颗粒浓度描述为与尾气中微量气体的比值。 NOx，稀释效果将最小化。在不同的研究中可以轻松比较该比率。通过了解所选微量气体的排放因子，可以将排放比转换为确定粒径的颗粒数的排放因子。对于所提出的方法，仅需要一个测量位置，其中使用了高和低（背景）流量暴露之间的差异。为了定义高流量暴露和低流量暴露，分别使用较高的[NO]与[NO2]比和较低的[NOx]可获得最佳结果。确定了在两个道路站点上的10-100 nm粒子的发射率，其中一个是高速90公里/小时的农村案例，另一个是城市的，较慢且更拥挤的情况，其发射率确定为（35 +/- 15）x 10（14）和每摩尔NOx分别有（24 +/- 8）x 10（14）个颗粒。

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