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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Brominated Flame Retardants in Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: Substance Flows in a Recycling Plant
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Brominated Flame Retardants in Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: Substance Flows in a Recycling Plant

机译：废弃电子电气设备中的溴化阻燃剂：回收工厂中的物质流

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摘要

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are synthetic additives mainly used in electrical and electronic appliances and in construction materials.The properties of some BFRs are typical for persistent organic pollutants,and certain BFRs,in particular some polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD),are suspected to cause adverse health effects.Global consumption of the most demanded BFRs,i.e.,penta-,octa-,and decaBDE,tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA),and HBCD,has doubled in the 1990s.Only limited and rather uncertain data are available regarding the occurrence of BFRs in consumer goods and waste fractions as well as regarding emissions during use and disposal.The knowledge of anthropogenic substance flows and stocks is essential for early recognition of environmental impacts and effective chemicals management.In this paper,actual levels of penta-,octa-,and decaBDE,TBBPA,and HBCD in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) as a major carrier of BFRs are presented.These BFRs have been determined in products of a modern Swiss recycling plant applying gas chromatography/electron capture detection and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis.A substance flow analysis (SFA) technique has been used to characterize the flows of target substances in the recycling process from the bulk WEEE input into the output products.Average concentrations in small size WEEE,representing the relevant electric and electronic appliances in WEEE,sampled in 2003 amounted to 34 mg/kg for pentaBDE,530 mg/kg for octaBDE,510 mg/kg for decaBDE,1420 mg/kg for TBBPA (as an additive),17 mg/kg for HBCD,5500 mg/kg for bromine,and 1700 mg/kg for antimony.In comparison to data that have been calculated by SFA for Switzerland from literature for the 1990s,these measured concentrations in small size WEEE were 7 times higher for pentaBDE,unexpectedly about 50% lower for decaBDE,and agreed fairly well for TBBPA (as an additive) and octaBDE.Roughly 60% of the total bromine input determined by SFA based on X-ray fluorescence analysis of the output materials of the recycling plant cannot be assigned to the selected BFRs.This is an indication for the presence of other brominated substances as substitutes for PBDEs in electrical and electronic equipment.The presence of BFRs,in particular PBDEs in the low grams per kilogram concentration range,in the fine dust fraction recovered in the off-gas purification system of the recycling plant reveals a high potential for BFR emissions from WEEE management and point outthe importance for environmentally sound recycling and disposal technologies for BFR-containing residues.
机译：溴化阻燃剂（BFR）是主要用于电气和电子设备以及建筑材料中的合成添加剂。某些BFR的特性通常用于持久性有机污染物，某些BFR尤其是一些多溴二苯醚（PBDE）同源物和六溴环十二烷（怀疑可能对健康造成不利影响.1990年代，全球对五溴二苯醚，八溴二苯醚和十溴二苯醚，四溴双酚A（TBBPA）和六溴环十二烷的需求量在全球范围内增长了一倍。可获得有关消费品和废物中BFR的发生以及使用和处置过程中排放的数据。关于人为物质流动和储存的知识对于早期识别环境影响和有效的化学品管理至关重要。废弃电子电气设备（WEEE）中五溴，八溴和十溴二苯醚，三溴二苯醚和六溴环十二烷的水平是溴化阻燃剂的主要载体这些溴化阻燃剂是在一家现代化的瑞士回收工厂的产品中测定的，这些产品采用了气相色谱/电子捕获检测和气相色谱/质谱分析技术。物质流分析（SFA）技术已被用来表征目标物质在水中的流动。小批量WEEE的平均浓度（代表WEEE中的相关电气和电子设备）在2003年采样为：五溴二苯醚34 mg / kg，八溴二苯醚530 mg / kg，510十溴联苯醚的mg / kg，三溴联苯醚（作为添加剂）的1420 mg / kg，六溴环十二烷的17 mg / kg，溴的5500 mg / kg和锑的1700 mg / kg。与SFA计算得出的数据相比根据1990年代的文献，在瑞士，五溴二苯醚的小型WEEE中的这些浓度高出7倍，十溴二苯醚的这种浓度出乎意料地低了约50％，而TBBPA（作为添加剂）和八溴二苯醚的含量相当好。约占总量的60％兄弟由SFA根据回收工厂输出材料的X射线荧光分析确定的地雷输入不能分配给选定的BFR，这表明在电气和电子设备中存在其他溴化物质替代PBDEs。在回收工厂的废气净化系统中回收的细粉尘中，存在BFR，尤其是低克/千克浓度的PBDE，这表明WEEE管理中BFR排放的潜力很大，并指出了对环境无害化的重要性含溴化阻燃剂残留物的回收和处置技术。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2005年第22期|p.8691-8699|共9页
  • 作者

    LEO S.MORF; JOSEF TREMP; ROLF GLOOR; YVONNE HUBER; MARKUS STENGELE;

  • 作者单位

    Environmental Management,GEO Partner AG,Baumackerstrasse 24,8050 Zurich,Switzerland,Products and Chemicals Division,Agency for Environmental Protection and Energy of the Canton Basel-Landschaft,Rheinstrasse 29,4410 Liestal,Switzerland,Institut Bachem;

    Environmental Management,GEO Partner AG,Baumackerstrasse 24,8050 Zurich,Switzerland,Products and Chemicals Division,Agency for Environmental Protection and Energy of the Canton Basel-Landschaft,Rheinstrasse 29,4410 Liestal,Switzerland,Institut Bachem;

    Environmental Management,GEO Partner AG,Baumackerstrasse 24,8050 Zurich,Switzerland,Products and Chemicals Division,Agency for Environmental Protection and Energy of the Canton Basel-Landschaft,Rheinstrasse 29,4410 Liestal,Switzerland,Institut Bachem;

    Environmental Management,GEO Partner AG,Baumackerstrasse 24,8050 Zurich,Switzerland,Products and Chemicals Division,Agency for Environmental Protection and Energy of the Canton Basel-Landschaft,Rheinstrasse 29,4410 Liestal,Switzerland,Institut Bachem;

    Environmental Management,GEO Partner AG,Baumackerstrasse 24,8050 Zurich,Switzerland,Products and Chemicals Division,Agency for Environmental Protection and Energy of the Canton Basel-Landschaft,Rheinstrasse 29,4410 Liestal,Switzerland,Institut Bachem;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 环境化学;
  • 关键词

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