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Measurements of Particle Number and Mass Concentrations and Size Distributions in a Tunnel Environment

机译：隧道环境中颗粒数，质量浓度和尺寸分布的测量

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摘要

Particulate matter emissions were measured in two bores of the Caldecott Tunnel in Northern California during August and September 2004.One bore (Bore 1) is open to both heavy- and light-duty vehicles while heavy-duty vehicles are prohibited from entering the second bore (Bore 2).Particulate matter number and mass size distributions,chemical composition,and gaseous copollutants were recorded for four consecutive days near the entrance and exit of each bore.Size-resolved emission factors were determined for particle number,particle mass,elemental carbon,organic carbon (OC),sulfate,nitrate,and selected elements.The size distributions in both the bores showed a single large mode at roughly 15-20nm in mobility diameter,with occasional smaller modes around 100 nm.The PM_(10) mass emission factor for heavy-duty vehicles was 14.5 times higher than that of light-duty vehicles.The particles derived from diesel are more abundant in elemental carbon,70.9% of PM_(10) emissions,as compared to the light-duty vehicles.Conversely,a greater percentage of OC was found in light-duty emissions than heavy-duty emissions.In comparison to previous studies at the Caldecott Tunnel,less particle mass but more particle numbers are emitted by vehicles than was the case 7 years ago.
机译：2004年8月至2004年9月在北加州Caldecott隧道的两个钻孔中测量了颗粒物的排放。重型和轻型车辆均开放一个钻孔（钻孔1），而重型车辆被禁止进入第二个钻孔（孔2）。在每个孔的入口和出口附近连续四天记录颗粒物的数量和质量分布，化学成分和气态共污染物。确定了颗粒数，颗粒质量，元素碳的尺寸分辨排放因子，有机碳（OC），硫酸盐，硝酸盐和选定的元素。两个孔的尺寸分布在迁移率直径大约15-20nm处显示一个大模式，在100 nm附近偶有较小的模式。PM_（10）质量重型车辆的排放因子比轻型车辆的排放因子高14.5倍。柴油中的颗粒物中的碳元素含量更高，占PM_（10）排放量的70.9％，而l相反，在轻型排放中发现的OC百分比大于重型排放。与之前在Caldecott隧道进行的研究相比，车辆排放的颗粒物少，但颗粒数多7年前

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2005年第22期|p.8653-8663|共11页
  • 作者

    MICHAEL D.GELLER; SATYA BRATA SARDAR; HARISH PHULERIA; PHILIP M.FINE; CONSTANTINOS SIOUTAS;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,University of Southern California,3620 South Vermont Avenue,Los Angeles,California 90089;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,University of Southern California,3620 South Vermont Avenue,Los Angeles,California 90089;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,University of Southern California,3620 South Vermont Avenue,Los Angeles,California 90089;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,University of Southern California,3620 South Vermont Avenue,Los Angeles,California 90089;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,University of Southern California,3620 South Vermont Avenue,Los Angeles,California 90089;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 环境化学;
  • 关键词

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