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Engineered Polymeric Nanoparticles for Soil Remediation

机译：工程聚合物纳米颗粒用于土壤修复

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Hydrophobic organic groundwater contaminants, such as polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), sorb strongly to soils and are difficult to remove. We report here on the synthesis of amphiphilic polyurethane (APU) nanoparticles for use in remediation of soil contaminated with PAHs. The particles are made of polyurethane acrylate anionomer (UAA) or poly(ethylene glycol)-modified urethane acrylate (PMUA) precursor chains that can be emulsified and cross-linked in water. The resulting particles are of colloidal size (17-97 nm as measured by dynamic light scattering). APU particles have the ability to enhance PAH desorption and transport in a manner comparable to that of surfactant micelles, but unlike the surface-active components of micelles, the individual cross-linked precursor chains in APU particles are not free to sorb to the soil surface. Thus, the APU particles are stable independent of their concentration in the aqueous phase. In this paper we show that APU particles can be engineered to achieve desired properties. Our experimental results show that the APU particles can be designed to have hydrophobic interior regions that confer a high affinity for phenanthrene (PHEN) and hydrophilic surfaces that promote particle mobility in soil. The affinity of APU particles for contaminants such as PHEN can be controlled by changing the size of the hydrophobic segment used in the chain synthesis. The mobility of colloidal APU suspensions in soil is controlled by the charge density or the size of the pendent water-soluble chains that reside on the particle surface. Exemplary results are provided illustrating the influence of alternative APU particle formulations with respect to their efficacy for contaminant removal. The ability to control particle properties offers the potential to produce different nanoparticles optimized for varying contaminant types and soil conditions.
机译：疏水性有机地下水污染物，例如多核芳香烃（PAHs），会强烈吸附到土壤中，并且很难去除。我们在这里报告有关用于修复被PAHs污染的土壤的两亲性聚氨酯（APU）纳米颗粒的合成。颗粒由聚氨酯丙烯酸酯阴离子聚合物（UAA）或聚（乙二醇）改性的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯（PMUA）前体链制成，可以在水中乳化和交联。所得颗粒具有胶体尺寸（通过动态光散射测量为17-97nm）。 APU颗粒能够以与表面活性剂胶束相当的方式增强PAH的解吸和转运，但与胶束的表面活性成分不同，APU颗粒中的各个交联前体链不能自由吸附到土壤表面。因此，APU颗粒是稳定的，而与它们在水相中的浓度无关。在本文中，我们表明可以对APU颗粒进行工程设计以获得所需的性能。我们的实验结果表明，APU颗粒可设计为具有疏水内部区域，从而赋予菲（PHEN）和亲水性表面高亲和力，从而促进颗粒在土壤中的迁移。可以通过改变链合成中使用的疏水链段的大小来控制APU颗粒对PHEN等污染物的亲和力。胶态APU悬浮液在土壤中的迁移率由电荷密度或驻留在颗粒表面的侧链水溶性链的大小控制。提供了示例性结果，说明了替代APU颗粒制剂对其去除污染物的功效的影响。控制颗粒性质的能力提供了生产针对各种污染物类型和土壤条件优化的不同纳米颗粒的潜力。

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