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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Clean Water Act assessment processes in relation to changing US Environmental Protection Agency management strategies
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Clean Water Act assessment processes in relation to changing US Environmental Protection Agency management strategies

机译：与不断变化的美国环境保护署管理策略相关的《清洁水法》评估流程

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摘要

During the 1970s the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) devised a multiscale system of basin planning and regional implementation that encouraged a balanced mixture of monitoring and modeling-based assessments. By the 1980s, this goal had not been achieved. Modeling and monitoring assessment approaches became largely decoupled. To a significant degree, modeling was viewed as too inaccurate to handle issues such as setting permit limits involving toxics. During the 1980s, EPA also encouraged the idea that monitoring approaches were adequate to document water quality problems, guide the development of management plans, and demonstrate the achievement of management goals. By the late 1990s, large numbers of waters listed under the Clean Water Act's Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) provisions showed the widespread nature of pollutant concerns, but the uneven nature of the listing information also revealed fundamental problems in the ability of state monitoring programs to achieve credible and comprehensive assessments. Statistics are presented from the 1998 and the most current publicly available 2000 baseline periods showing the limitations in the scope of state assessments. There are significant opportunities for the increased use of relatively simple modeling systems that can be flexibly implemented over a variety of spatial scales. In addition to conventional modeling frameworks, the value of bioassessment monitoring techniques is stressed. Bioassessment indicators can often be combined with landscape modeling methods, as well as analyses from conventional modeling outputs, to help target small area monitoring by use of tiered approaches. These findings underscore the value of integrated monitoring and modeling approaches to build properly balanced assessment systems.
机译：在1970年代，美国环境保护署（EPA）设计了一个多尺度的流域规划和区域实施系统，鼓励平衡地混合进行监测和基于模型的评估。到1980年代，这一目标尚未实现。建模和监视评估方法在很大程度上已脱钩。在很大程度上，建模被认为是不准确的，无法处理诸如设置涉及毒物的许可限制之类的问题。在1980年代，EPA还鼓励采用监测方法足以记录水质问题，指导制定管理计划并证明实现管理目标的想法。到1990年代后期，根据《清洁水法》的“总最大日负荷（TMDL）”条款列出的大量水域显示出污染物问题的广泛性，但列表信息的不均匀性也揭示了状态监视程序的能力存在根本性问题实现可靠而全面的评估。列出了1998年和2000年最新的公开基准期的统计数据，这些数据表明了州评估范围的局限性。越来越多地使用相对简单的建模系统存在着巨大的机会，这些系统可以在各种空间尺度上灵活地实现。除了传统的建模框架，还强调了生物评估监测技术的价值。生物评估指标通常可以与景观建模方法以及常规建模输出的分析相结合，以通过分层方法来帮助进行小面积监测。这些发现强调了建立适当平衡的评估系统的集成监视和建模方法的价值。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2004年第20期|p. 5265-5273|共9页
  • 作者

    Cooter WS;

  • 作者单位

    RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 环境化学;
  • 关键词

    INTEGRITY;

    机译：诚信;

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