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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Development and Application of a Mobile Laboratory for Measuring Emissions from Diesel Engines, 2. Sampling for Toxics and Particulate Matter
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Development and Application of a Mobile Laboratory for Measuring Emissions from Diesel Engines, 2. Sampling for Toxics and Particulate Matter

机译：一个用于测量柴油机排放的流动实验室的开发和应用； 2.有毒物质和微粒物质的采样

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摘要

Limited data are available on the emission rates of speciated volatile and semivolatile organic compounds, as well as the physical and chemical characteristics of fine particulate matter (PM) from mobile, in-use diesel engines operated on the road, A design for the sampling of these fractions and the first data from in-use diesel sources are presented in this paper. Emission rates for carbonyls, 1,3-butadiene, benzene, toluene, xylene, PM, and elemental and organic carbon (EC and OC) are reported for a vehicle driven while following the California Air Resources Board (ARB) four-mode heavy heavy-duty diesel truck (HHDDT) cycle and while transiting through a major transportation corridor. Results show that distance specific emission rates are substantially greater in congested traffic as compared with highway cruise conditions. Specifically, emissions of toxic compounds are 3-15 times greater, and PM is 7 times greater under these conditions. The dependence of these species on driving mode suggests that health and source apportionment studies will need to account for driving patterns in addition to emission factors. Comparison of the PM/NO{sub}X ratios obtained for the above tests provides insight into the presence and importance of "off-cycle" emissions during on-road driving. Measurements from a stationary source (operated and tested at constant engine speed) equipped with an engine similar to that in the HHDDT yielded a greater understanding of the relative dependence of emissions on load versus engine transients. These data are indicative of the type of investigations made possible by the development of this novel laboratory.
机译：关于特定挥发性和半挥发性有机化合物的排放率以及在道路上运行的移动中的使用中柴油机的细颗粒物（PM）的物理和化学特性的有限数据。本文介绍了这些馏分和在用柴油来源的第一批数据。报告了在遵循加州空气资源委员会（ARB）的四模式重载模式下驾驶的车辆的羰基化合物，1,3-丁二烯，苯，甲苯，二甲苯，PM以及元素和有机碳（EC和OC）的排放率重型柴油卡车（HHDDT）循环并通过主要运输走廊过境。结果表明，与公路巡航条件相比，拥挤交通中的距离特定排放率要大得多。具体而言，在这些条件下，有毒化合物的排放量增加了3到15倍，而PM则增加了7倍。这些物种对驾驶模式的依赖性表明，除了排放因子外，健康和来源分配研究还需要考虑驾驶模式。通过以上测试获得的PM / NO {sub} X比率的比较，可以深入了解道路行驶过程中“非周期”排放的存在和重要性。从类似于HHDDT的配备有发动机的固定源（在恒定发动机转速下运行和测试）进行的测量，可以更好地理解排放对负载与发动机瞬态的相对依赖性。这些数据表明该新型实验室的发展使研究成为可能。

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