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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Balancing Measurement Uncertainty against Financial Benefits: Comparison of In Situ and Ex Situ Analysis of Contaminated Land
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Balancing Measurement Uncertainty against Financial Benefits: Comparison of In Situ and Ex Situ Analysis of Contaminated Land

机译：平衡计量不确定性与经济利益：受污染土地的原位和异地分析的比较

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摘要

The uncertainty of measurements taken for the purpose of characterizing contaminated land can subsequently cause decision errors, which can produce significant, financial consequences. Given the site-specific costs, such as those associated with the measurements or with site misclassification, the important question addressed is "Are the measurements of acceptable quality for that given objective or fit-for-purpose"? It is often considered by investigators that using a standard operating procedure (SOP) with an approved analytical method will give an acceptable level of uncertainty. This is despite evidence that sampling is usually the predominant source of uncertainty, not the chemical analyses, mainly as a result of the contaminant heterogeneity within sampling locations at a site. One in situ and one ex situ measurement technique were used to represent these two contrasting approaches to characterizing a site contaminated with lead in topsoil. The measurement uncertainty, from both sampling and analyses, was estimated for the two techniques, and its fitness-for-purpose was assessed using the innovative optimized contaminated land investigation (OCLI) method. It is objectively demonstrated by the OCLI method that the in situ method (portable X-ray fluorescence) was three times more cost-effective than the ex situ (AAS) method at characterizing a contaminated site, despite generating higher uncertainty on individual measurements.
机译：为表征受污染土地而采取的测量方法的不确定性可能会导致决策错误，从而可能产生重大的财务后果。考虑到特定地点的成本，例如与测量相关的成本或与分类错误相关的成本，所解决的重要问题是“对于给定的目标或适用目的的测量质量是否可接受”？研究人员通常认为，将标准操作程序（SOP）与经过批准的分析方法一起使用将给出可接受的不确定度。尽管有证据表明采样通常是不确定性的主要来源，而不是化学分析，主要是由于现场采样点内污染物异质性的结果。一种原位测量和一种异位测量技术被用来代表这两种对比方法，以表征表土中被铅污染的位点。通过采样和分析，对这两种技术的测量不确定度进行了估算，并使用创新的优化污染土地调查（OCLI）方法评估了其适用性。通过OCLI方法客观地证明，尽管对单个测量产生了更高的不确定性，但原位检测方法（便携式X射线荧光）在表征受污染部位方面的成本效益是非原位检测方法（AAS）的三倍。

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