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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology >Efficient removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in drinking water treatment: nanofiltration combined with active carbon or anion exchange
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Efficient removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in drinking water treatment: nanofiltration combined with active carbon or anion exchange

机译：有效去除饮用水处理中的全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）：纳米过滤结合活性炭或阴离子交换

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摘要

Society's increasing use of chemicals poses a challenge for drinking water producers. Accepted concentrations for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in finished water are lower than ever before with new regulations often enacted based on findings made possible by improved analytical techniques and correspondingly justified health concerns. Nanomembrane filtration removes compounds, including PFASs, based primarily on size-exclusion, however, treatment and/or disposal of PFAS laden membrane concentrate remains a challenge. This study combined feedwater nanofiltration with granular activated carbon (GAC) and anion exchange (AIX) for concentrate treatment. Nanofiltration removed PFAS concentrations on average by 99% including some PFASs with molecular weights smaller than the membrane nominal cutoff of 270 Da, indicating membrane rejection mechanisms additional to size-exclusion. Treatment of raw water and concentrate was compared in column tests. AIX showed up to threefold greater half-time of saturation than GAC, however with a higher rate of decreasing efficiency, while GAC removed approximately 20% of incoming PFAS concentrations consistently after treatment of 15 000 bed volumes (BVs). Overall, GAC and AIX removed 2.6-fold and 4.1-fold more PFAS mass per adsorbent volume from the concentrated retentate than from raw water indicating that the combination of nanofiltration with GAC or AIX increases the efficiency of the adsorbent materials in comparison to only using GAC or AIX filters.
机译：社会对化学品的日益使用对饮用水生产者构成了挑战。最终水中的全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）的可接受浓度比以往任何时候都要低，而新法规通常是根据改进的分析技术和相应的合理健康考虑而可能得出的结论而制定的。纳米膜过滤主要基于尺寸排阻来去除包括PFAS在内的化合物，但是，处理和/或处置充满PFAS的膜浓缩液仍然是一个挑战。这项研究结合了给水纳米过滤与颗粒活性炭（GAC）和阴离子交换（AIX）进行浓缩处理。纳滤去除了PFAS浓度，平均降低了99％，其中包括一些分子量小于270 Da的膜标称截留值的PFAS，这表明除尺寸排阻外，膜截留机理也有所增加。在柱测试中比较了原水和浓缩液的处理。 AIX的饱和半衰期是GAC的三倍，但降低效率更高，而GAC在处理了15 000床体积（BV）后始终去除了约20％的PFAS浓度。总体而言，GAC和AIX从浓缩渗余物中除去的每单位吸附剂体积的PFAS质量比原水去除了2.6倍和4.1倍，这表明与仅使用GAC相比，纳滤与GAC或AIX的组合提高了吸附剂的效率或AIX过滤器。

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