Nitrate removal from reverse osmosis concentrate in pilot-scale open-water unit process wetlands

Scholes Rachel C.; Vega Michael A.; Sharp Jonathan O.; Sedlak David L.

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Nitrate removal from reverse osmosis concentrate in pilot-scale open-water unit process wetlands

机译：硝酸盐从反渗透浓缩物中的硝酸盐浓缩液中的硝酸盐浓缩物中的湿地

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Biological treatment of nitrate in reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate produced from municipal wastewater effluent is challenging, in part because of the low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. Open-water unit process wetlands may provide a cost-effective means of removing nitrate because autotrophic production of labile organic carbon supports denitrification in the wetland biomat. To determine the potential for employing open-water unit process wetlands for removing dissolved nitrogen species from RO concentrate, a pilot-scale open-water wetland treatment system was established and studied over a two-year period at a water reuse facility in San Jose, California. The system was operated with a 3-day hydraulic residence time, resulting in removal of up to 30% of the nitrate present in the RO concentrate during the first summer of operation and removal of up to 47% of the nitrate during the second summer. The biomat comprised a diverse algal and heterotrophic bacterial assemblage containing several clades that are putatively capable of denitrification, as well as greater abundances of denitrifying functional genes (nirK, narG) in the second year, coincident with higher nitrate removal. In batch reactors, the addition of woodchips increased nitrate removal rates from RO concentrate by approximately a factor of five or more, with rates dependent on the dose of woodchips applied. These results indicate that woodchip amendments could reduce the land area needed for nitrate treatment. This study provides evidence that open-water wetlands can remove nitrate from RO concentrate at the pilot scale, and identifies opportunities to enhance treatment efficiency with low-cost carbon amendments.

机译：从城市废水出水中产生的反渗透（RO）浓缩物中的硝酸盐的生物处理是具有挑战性的，部分原因是碳 - 氮比例低。开放式水机组工艺湿地可以提供成本效益的去除硝酸盐手段，因为无奈的有机碳的自养生产支持湿地生物米的反硝化。为了确定采用开放式水箱工艺湿地用于从Ro浓缩物中去除溶解的氮物质的潜力，建立了一项试验规模的露天湿地治疗系统，并在圣何塞的水重复使用的两年内进行了研究，研究，加利福尼亚州。该系统以3天的液压停留时间运行，导致在第一夏季的第一个夏季中去除RO浓缩物中存在的硝酸盐高达30％，并在第二夏季除去高达47％的硝酸盐。生物培养物包括含有几种含有脱硝化的藻类和异养的细菌组合的多种藻类和异养细菌组合，以及第二年在第二年中的反硝化官能基因（NIRK，NARG）的丰富，与较高的硝酸盐除去重合。在间歇式反应器中，添加木片从RO浓缩率的硝酸盐去除速率提高了大约五个或更多的因子，依赖于所施加的木片剂量。这些结果表明，木片修正案可以减少硝酸盐治疗所需的土地面积。本研究提供了证据，即开放水湿地可以从Ro浓缩物中除去硝酸盐，并确定提高低成本碳修正案的治疗效率的机会。

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《Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology》 |2021年第3期|650-661|共12页
作者
Scholes Rachel C.; Vega Michael A.; Sharp Jonathan O.; Sedlak David L.;
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Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Civil & Environm Engn Berkeley CA 94720 USA|NSF Engn Res Ctr Reinventing Nations Urban Water Stanford CA 94305 USA;

NSF Engn Res Ctr Reinventing Nations Urban Water Stanford CA 94305 USA|Colorado Sch Mines Dept Civil & Environm Engn Golden CO 80401 USA;

NSF Engn Res Ctr Reinventing Nations Urban Water Stanford CA 94305 USA|Colorado Sch Mines Dept Civil & Environm Engn Golden CO 80401 USA;

Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Civil & Environm Engn Berkeley CA 94720 USA|NSF Engn Res Ctr Reinventing Nations Urban Water Stanford CA 94305 USA;

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Nitrate removal from reverse osmosis concentrate in pilot-scale open-water unit process wetlands

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