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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >Short-term phytotoxicity in Brassica napus (L.) in response to pre-emergently applied metazachlor: A microcosm study
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Short-term phytotoxicity in Brassica napus (L.) in response to pre-emergently applied metazachlor: A microcosm study

机译：甘蓝型油菜（L.）对芽前施用的灭草灵的短期植物毒性：微观研究

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摘要

In accordance with realistic application approaches, a short-term 1-factorial experiment was set up to investigate the phytotoxic impact of pre-emergent application of the chloroacetamide herbicide metazachlor on Brassica napus. In addition to morphological parameters, the underlying processes that ultimately determine the extent of herbicide-induced phytotoxicity (i.e., herbicide metabolization and cellular antioxidant defense) were examined. The present study demonstrated that metazachlor provoked fasciation of the leaves closely after emergence, which might be linked to its mode of action whereby cell division is impaired through the inhibition of very long chain fatty acid synthesis. The increased activities of antioxidative enzymes and metabolites in leaf tissue indicated the presence of reactive oxygen species under the influence of metazachlor. This resulted in oxidative damage in the form of membrane lipid peroxidation. Simultaneously, the increased activity of glutathione S-transferase and the shift in glutathione redox state suggested activation of the detoxification metabolism. This occurred, however, at the expense of growth, with a temporary reduction in plant height and weight after application. The results indicated that metazachlor disappeared within 3 mo to 4 mo after application, which resulted in the recovery of the crop. In conclusion, metazachlor induces phytotoxicity in the short term, either directly through its mode of action or indirectly through the induction of oxidative stress, which resulted in a temporary reduction in growth. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:59-70. (c) 2016 SETAC
机译：根据实际的应用方法，建立了一个短期的一因素试验，以研究芽孢前施用氯乙酰胺除草剂间草胺对甘蓝型油菜的植物毒性影响。除了形态学参数外，还检查了最终确定除草剂诱导的植物毒性程度（即除草剂代谢和细胞抗氧化剂防御能力）的基本过程。本研究表明，异丙草胺在出苗后立即引起叶片的迷惑，这可能与其作用方式有关，该作用方式是通过抑制很长链脂肪酸的合成来损害细胞分裂的。叶片组织中抗氧化酶和代谢产物活性的增加表明在甲草胺的影响下存在活性氧。这导致膜脂质过氧化形式的氧化损伤。同时，谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性的增加和谷胱甘肽氧化还原状态的改变提示了解毒代谢的激活。然而，这种情况是以生长为代价的，施用后植物高度和重量暂时降低。结果表明，在施用后3到4个月内，异丙草胺消失了，从而恢复了作物。总之，异丙草胺在短期内会直接通过其作用方式引起植物毒性，或者通过诱导氧化应激而间接引起植物毒性，从而导致生长的暂时性降低。环境毒性化学杂志2017; 36：59-70。 （c）2016年SETAC

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