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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >Long-term effects of sulfidized silver nanoparticles in sewage sludge on soil microflora
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Long-term effects of sulfidized silver nanoparticles in sewage sludge on soil microflora

机译：污水污泥中硫化银纳米颗粒对土壤微生物区系的长期影响

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The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in consumer products such as textiles leads to their discharge into wastewater and consequently to a transfer of the AgNPs to soil ecosystems via biosolids used as fertilizer. In urban wastewater systems (e.g., sewer, wastewater treatment plant [WWTP], anaerobic digesters) AgNPs are efficiently converted into sparingly soluble silver sulfides (Ag2S), mitigating the toxicity of the AgNPs. However, long-term studies on the bioavailability and effects of sulfidized AgNPs on soil microorganisms are lacking. Thus we investigated the bioavailability and long-term effects of AgNPs (spiked in a laboratory WWTP) on soil microorganisms. Before mixing the biosolids into soil, the sludges were either anaerobically digested or directly dewatered. The effects on the ammonium oxidation process were investigated over 140 d. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) suggested an almost complete sulfidation of the AgNPs analyzed in all biosolid samples and in soil, with Ag2S predominantly detected in long-term incubation experiments. However, despite the sulfidation of the AgNPs, soil ammonium oxidation was significantly inhibited, and the degree of inhibition was independent of the sludge treatment. The results revealed that AgNPs sulfidized under environmentally relevant conditions were still bioavailable to soil microorganisms. Consequently, Ag2S may exhibit toxic effects over the long term rather than the short term. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3305-3313. (c) 2017 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
机译：银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）在诸如纺织品之类的消费产品中的使用导致其排放到废水中，并因此通过用作肥料的生物固体将AgNPs转移到土壤生态系统中。在城市废水系统（例如下水道，废水处理厂[WWTP]，厌氧消化池）中，AgNP被有效地转化为微溶的硫化银（Ag2S），从而减轻了AgNP的毒性。但是，缺乏关于硫化AgNPs的生物利用度及其对土壤微生物影响的长期研究。因此，我们研究了AgNP（在实验室污水处理厂中加标）对土壤微生物的生物利用度和长期作用。在将生物固体混入土壤之前，需对污泥进行厌氧消化或直接脱水。在140 d内研究了对铵氧化过程的影响。透射电子显微镜（TEM）表明，在所有生物固体样品和土壤中分析的AgNPs几乎都被硫化，主要是在长期孵育实验中检测到Ag2S。然而，尽管AgNPs被硫化，土壤铵的氧化被显着抑制，抑制程度与污泥处理无关。结果表明，在与环境相关的条件下硫化的AgNP仍可被土壤微生物生物利用。因此，Ag2S可能在长期而不是短期内表现出毒性作用。 Environ Toxicol Chem 2017; 36：3305-3313。 （c）2017作者。 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.代表SETAC发布的《环境毒理学和化学》。

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