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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >MAJOR TRANSPORT MECHANISMS OF PYRETHROIDS IN RESIDENTIAL SETTINGS AND EFFECTS OF MITIGATION MEASURES
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MAJOR TRANSPORT MECHANISMS OF PYRETHROIDS IN RESIDENTIAL SETTINGS AND EFFECTS OF MITIGATION MEASURES

机译：居住环境中除虫菊酯的主要运输机理和缓解措施的影响

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摘要

The major pathways for transport of pyrethroids were determined in runoff studies conducted at a full-scale test facility in central California, USA. The 6 replicate house lots were typical of front lawns and house fronts of California residential developments and consisted of stucco walls, garage doors, driveways, and residential lawn irrigation sprinkler systems. Each of the 6 lots also included a rainfall simulator to generate artificial rainfall events. Different pyrethroids were applied to 5 surfaces-driveway, garage door and adjacent walls, lawn, lawn perimeter (grass near the house walls), and house walls above grass. The volume of runoff water from each house lot was measured, sampled, and analyzed to determine the amount of pyrethroid mass lost from each surface. Applications to 3 of the house lots were made using the application practices typically used prior to recent label changes, and applications were made to the other 3 house lots according to the revised application procedures. Results from the house lots using the historic application procedures showed that losses of the compounds applied to the driveway and garage door (including the adjacent walls) were 99.75% of total measured runoff losses. The greatest losses were associated with significant rainfall events rather than lawn irrigation events. However, runoff losses were 40 times less using the revised application procedures recently specified on pyrethroid labels.
机译：拟除虫菊酯的主要运输途径是在美国加利福尼亚州中部的大型测试机构进行的径流研究中确定的。这6个复制房屋是加利福尼亚住宅开发的典型草坪和房屋正面，由灰泥墙，车库门，车道和住宅草坪灌溉洒水系统组成。 6个批次中的每个批次还包括一个降雨模拟器，用于生成人工降雨事件。将不同的拟除虫菊酯施用到5个表面上：车道，车库门和相邻的墙壁，草坪，草坪周边（房屋墙壁附近的草）和草上方的房屋墙壁。测量，采样和分析每个房屋的径流水量，以确定从每个表面损失的拟除虫菊酯质量的数量。使用最近的标签更改之前通常使用的申请方法对3个房屋进行申请，并根据修订后的申请程序对其他3个房屋进行申请。使用历史应用程序对房屋进行的结果表明，应用于车道和车库门（包括相邻墙）的化合物的损失占总径流损失的99.75％。损失最大的是重大降雨事件，而不是草坪灌溉事件。然而，使用最近在拟除虫菊酯标签上指定的修订的施药程序，径流损失减少了40倍。

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