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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >FOCAL BIRD SPECIES AND RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR NONAGRICULTURAL GRASSLAND SCENARIOS IN CENTRAL EUROPE
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FOCAL BIRD SPECIES AND RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR NONAGRICULTURAL GRASSLAND SCENARIOS IN CENTRAL EUROPE

机译：中欧非农业草原情景下的本地鸟种和风险评估方法

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摘要

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) guideline on risk assessment identifies pesticide exposure scenarios for nontarget wildlife; however, this scheme is not applicable to nonagricultural grassland. For example, different habitats and human utilization on golf courses attract bird communities that differ from those found in agricultural fields with annual crop cycles. The present study determined focal bird species for amenity grasslands such as golf courses following the EFSA guideline. Based on published data and bird surveys, a total of 102 species were found on 13 golf courses in Central Europe. Approximately 58% of the species were recorded on ＞20% of the golf course and were classified as focal species candidates. Common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), common linnet (Carduelis cannabina), wood pigeon (Columba palumbus), yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella), white wagtail (Motacilla alba), and gray heron (Ardea cinerea) are the most adequate candidate focal species for exposure scenarios of carnivorous, granivorous, herbivorous, omnivorous, insectivorous, and piscivorous birds, respectively. Candidate species were verified on 3 golf courses in southwestern Germany in spring 2012. Observations on feeding behavior identified the main foraging areas of focal species. The results of the field work combined with data from the literature identified reliable exposure scenarios to assess the risk of pesticides to birds found on golf courses.
机译：欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）的风险评估指南确定了非目标野生生物的农药暴露场景；但是，该计划不适用于非农业草原。例如，高尔夫球场上不同的栖息地和人类利用所吸引的鸟类群落与每年种植周期的农田中的鸟类群落不同。本研究根据EFSA指南确定了宜人草地（例如高尔夫球场）的主要鸟类种类。根据已发布的数据和鸟类调查，在中欧的13个高尔夫球场上共发现102种。在大约20％的高尔夫球场上记录了大约58％的物种，并被归为焦点物种候选物种。常见的茶F（Falco tinnunculus），红lin（Carduelis cannabina），木鸽（Columba palumbus），黄锤（Emberiza citrinella），白，（Motacilla alba）和灰鹭（灰鹭（Ardea cinerea））是最适合暴露的候选焦点物种食肉，食肉，食草，杂食，食虫和食肉鸟类的情景。 2012年春季，在德国西南部的3个高尔夫球场上对候选物种进行了验证。对觅食行为的观察确定了焦点物种的主要觅食区域。田野调查的结果与文献数据相结合，确定了可靠的暴露情景，以评估农药对高尔夫球场发现的鸟类的危害。

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