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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >EFFECTS OF REPEATED PULSED HERBICIDE EXPOSURES ON THE GROWTH OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES
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EFFECTS OF REPEATED PULSED HERBICIDE EXPOSURES ON THE GROWTH OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES

机译：重复脉冲除草剂暴露对水生大型植物生长的影响

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摘要

Many contaminants are released into aquatic systems intermittently in a series of pulses. Pulse timing and magnitude can vary according to usage, compound-specific physicochemical properties, and use area characteristics. Standard laboratory ecotoxicity tests typically employ continuous exposure concentrations over defined durations and thus may not accurately and realistically reflect the effects of certain compounds on aquatic organisms, resulting in potential over- or underestimation. Consequently, the relative effects of pulsed (2 and 4 d) and continuous exposures of the duckweed Lemna minor to isoproturon, metsulfuron-methyl, and pentachlorophenol over a period of 42 d were explored in the present study. At the highest test concentrations, exposure of L. minor to pulses of metsulfuron-methyl resulted in effects on growth similar to those of an equivalent continuous exposure. For isoproturon, pulsed exposures had a lower impact than a corresponding continuous exposure, whereas the effect of pentachlorophenol delivered in pulses was greater. These differences may be explained by compound-specific uptake and degradation or dissipation rates in plants and the recovery potential that occurs following pulses for different pesticides. Given these results, use of a simple time-weighted average approach to estimate effects of intermittent exposures from short-term standard toxicity studies may not provide an accurate prediction that reflects realistic exposure scenarios. Development of mechanistic modeling approaches may facilitate better estimates of effects from intermittent exposures.
机译：许多污染物通过一系列脉冲间歇性地释放到水生系统中。脉冲时间和幅度可根据用途，特定于化合物的理化性质和使用区域的特性而变化。标准实验室的生态毒性测试通常在定义的持续时间内采用连续的暴露浓度，因此可能无法准确，现实地反映某些化合物对水生生物的影响，从而导致潜在的高估或低估。因此，在本研究中，探讨了脉冲浮游生物（2和4 d）以及浮萍Lemna minor在42 d内持续暴露于异丙隆，甲基磺隆和五氯苯酚的相对影响。在最高测试浓度下，小剂量乳酸杆菌暴露于甲磺隆甲基脉冲会导致对生长的影响，与等效的连续暴露相似。对于异丙隆而言，脉冲暴露的影响要小于相应的连续暴露，而脉冲释放的五氯苯酚的影响则更大。这些差异可以通过化合物在植物中的特定吸收和降解或耗散率以及对不同农药的脉冲后发生的回收潜力来解释。鉴于这些结果，使用简单的时间加权平均方法来评估短期标准毒性研究中间歇性暴露的影响可能无法提供反映实际暴露情况的准确预测。机械建模方法的发展可能有助于更好地估计间歇性暴露的影响。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental toxicology and chemistry》 |2013年第1期|193-200|共8页
  • 作者

    Alistair B.A. Boxall; Lindsay A. Fogg; Roman Ashauer; Teresa Bowles; Chris J. Sinclair; Alison Colyer; Richard A. Brain;

  • 作者单位

    Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom,Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York, United Kingdom;

    Cranfield Centre for EcoChemistry, Cranfield University, Shardlow, Derby, United Kingdom;

    Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland;

    Cranfield Centre for EcoChemistry, Cranfield University, Shardlow, Derby, United Kingdom;

    Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York, United Kingdom;

    Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York, United Kingdom;

    Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    pulsed exposure; pesticides; lemna minor;

    机译：脉冲曝光农药莱姆纳小;

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