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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >AMPHIBIANS AT RISK? SUSCEPTIBILITY OF TERRESTRIAL AMPHIBIAN LIFE STAGES TO PESTICIDES
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AMPHIBIANS AT RISK? SUSCEPTIBILITY OF TERRESTRIAL AMPHIBIAN LIFE STAGES TO PESTICIDES

机译：两栖动物有风险吗？陆生两栖生活阶段对杀虫剂的敏感性

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Current pesticide risk assessment does not specifically consider amphibians. Amphibians in the aquatic environment (aquatic life stages or postmetamorphic aquatic amphibians) and terrestrial living juvenile or adult amphibians are assumed to be covered by the risk assessment for aquatic invertebrates and fish, or mammals and birds, respectively. This procedure has been evaluated as being sufficiently protective regarding the acute risk posed by a number of pesticides to aquatic amphibian life stages (eggs, larvae). However, it is unknown whether the exposure and sensitivity of terrestrial living amphibians are comparable to mammalian and avian exposure and sensitivity. We reviewed the literature on dermal pesticide absorption and toxicity studies for terrestrial life stages of amphibians, focusing on the dermal exposure pathway, that is, through treated soil or direct overspray. In vitro studies demonstrated that cutaneous absorption of chemicals is significant and that chemical percutaneous passage, P (cm/h), is higher in amphibians than in mammals. In vivo, the rapid and substantial uptake of the herbicide atrazine from treated soil by toads (Bufo americanus) has been described. Severe toxic effects on various amphibian species have been reported for field-relevant application rates of different pesticides. In general, exposure and toxicity studies for terrestrial amphibian life stages are scarce, and the reported data indicate the need for further research, especially in light of the global amphibian decline.
机译：当前的农药风险评估未专门考虑两栖动物。假定分别针对水生无脊椎动物和鱼类，哺乳动物或鸟类的风险评估涵盖了水生环境中的两栖动物（水生生命阶段或后变态水生两栖动物）和陆生活两栖或成年两栖动物。该方法已被评估为对许多农药对水生两栖动物生命阶段（卵，幼虫）构成的急性风险具有足够的保护作用。然而，尚不清楚陆地生活两栖动物的暴露和敏感性是否可与哺乳动物和禽类的暴露和敏感性相媲美。我们回顾了两栖动物陆地生命阶段皮肤农药吸收和毒性研究的文献，重点研究了皮肤暴露途径，即通过处理过的土壤或直接过量喷涂。体外研究表明，两栖动物的皮肤对化学物质的吸收非常重要，并且两栖动物的化学经皮通道P（cm / h）高于哺乳动物。在体内，已经描述了蟾蜍（美洲蟾蜍）从处理过的土壤中快速大量吸收除草剂icide去津。对于不同农药的田间相关施用率，已经报道了对各种两栖动物物种的严重毒性作用。通常，对于陆地两栖动物生命阶段的暴露和毒性研究很少，并且报告的数据表明需要进一步研究，尤其是考虑到全球两栖动物数量的减少。

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