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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >EFFECTS OF 17 β-ESTRADIOL EXPOSURE ON XENOPUS LAEVIS GONADAL HISTOPATHOLOGY
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EFFECTS OF 17 β-ESTRADIOL EXPOSURE ON XENOPUS LAEVIS GONADAL HISTOPATHOLOGY

机译：17种β-雌激素暴露对非洲爪蟾生殖器官组织学的影响

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摘要

The natural estrogen 17 β-estradiol (E2) is a potential environmental contaminant commonly employed as a positive control substance in bioassays involving estrogenic effects. The aquatic anuran Xenopus laevis is a frequent subject of reproductive endocrine disrupter research; however, histopathological investigations have tended to be less than comprehensive. Consequently, a study was designed to characterize gross and microscopic changes in the gonads of X. laevis as a result of E2 exposure. Additional goals of this study, which consisted of three separate experiments, included the standardization of diagnostic terminology and criteria, the validation of statistical methodology, and the establishment of a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) for E2 as defined by an approximately 50% conversion of presumptive genotypic males to phenotypic females. In the first experiment, frogs were exposed to nominal concentrations of 0,0.2,1.5, or 6.0 μg/L E2. From these experimental results and those of a subsequent range finding trial, the EC50 for E2 was determined to be approximately 0.2 μg/L. This E2 concentration was utilized in the other two experiments, which were performed at different facilities to confirm the reproducibility of results. Experiments were conducted according to Good Laboratory Practice guidelines, and the histopathologic evaluations were peer reviewed by an independent pathologist. Among the three trials, the histopathological findings that were strongly associated with E2-exposure (p < 0.001 to 0.0001) included an increase in the proportion of phenotypic females, mixed sex, dilated testis tubules, dividing gonocytes in the testis, and dilated ovarian cavities in phenotypic ovaries. A comparison of the gross and microscopic evaluations suggested that some morphologic changes in the gonads may potentially be missed if studies rely entirely on macroscopic assessment.
机译：天然雌激素17β-雌二醇（E2）是潜在的环境污染物，通常在涉及雌激素作用的生物测定中用作阳性对照物质。水生无色非洲爪蟾是生殖内分泌干扰物研究的一个经常课题。然而，组织病理学研究往往不全面。因此，设计了一项研究来表征由于E2暴露而导致的X. laevis性腺的总体和微观变化。这项研究的其他目标包括三个独立的实验，包括诊断术语和标准的标准化，统计方法的验证以及为E2建立一半的最大有效浓度（EC50）（由大约50％的转化率定义）推测型男性到表型女性的比例。在第一个实验中，青蛙被暴露在0、0.2、1.5或6.0μg/ L E2的名义浓度下。从这些实验结果以及随后的范围发现试验的结果，确定E2的EC50约为0.2μg/ L。此E2浓度用于其他两个实验中，这些实验在不同的设备上进行，以确认结果的可重复性。根据Good Laboratory Practice指南进行实验，并由独立病理学家对组织病理学评估进行同行评审。在这三项试验中，与E2暴露密切相关的组织病理学发现（p <0.001至0.0001）包括表型雌性比例的增加，混合性别，睾丸小管扩张，睾丸中的红细胞分裂以及卵巢腔扩张在表型卵巢中。总体评估和微观评估的比较表明，如果研究完全依赖于宏观评估，则可能会错过性腺的某些形态变化。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental toxicology and chemistry》 |2010年第5期|P.1091-1105|共15页
  • 作者

    Jeffrey C. Wolf; rnIlka Lutz; rnWerner Kloas; rnTimothy A. Springer; rnLarry R. Holden; rnHenry O. Krueger; rnAlan J. Hosmer;

  • 作者单位

    Experimental Pathology Laboratories, P.O. Box 169, Sterling, Virginia, USA 20167;

    rnLeibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology & Inland Fisheries, Mueggelseedamm 310, D12587 Berlin, Germany;

    rnLeibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology & Inland Fisheries, Mueggelseedamm 310, D12587 Berlin, Germany Humboldt University, Unter den Linden 6, D-10099 Berlin, Germany;

    rnWildlife International, 8598 Commerce Drive, Easton, Maryland, USA 21601;

    rnSielken & Associates Consulting, 3833 Texas Avenue, Suite 230, Bryan Texas, USA 77802;

    rnWildlife International, 8598 Commerce Drive, Easton, Maryland, USA 21601;

    rnSyngenta Crop Protection, P.O. Box 18300, Greensboro NC, USA 27419;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    xenopus laevis; estradiol; endocrine disruption; frogs; amphibians;

    机译：非洲爪蟾雌二醇内分泌干​​扰青蛙两栖动物;

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