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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >ALARM SUBSTANCE RECOGNITION AND PREDATOR AVOIDANCE BY CHINOOK SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS TSCHAWYTSCHA) FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO AN ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDE
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ALARM SUBSTANCE RECOGNITION AND PREDATOR AVOIDANCE BY CHINOOK SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS TSCHAWYTSCHA) FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO AN ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDE

机译：暴露于有机磷杀虫剂后，奇诺克·鲑鱼（ONCORHYNCHUS TSCHAWYTSCHA）的警报物质识别和捕食者避免

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The sense of smell in fish is thought to be important for behaviors associated with alarm scent recognition and predator avoidance. Olfactory function of juvenile chinook salmon was evaluated in two separate experiments following 2-h immersion exposures to 0, 1, 10, or 100 μg diazinon/L. In the first test system, groups of 10 salmon were transferred to the prechoice zone of a Y-maze fluviarium with parallel streams of water. A dilute alarm scent composed of either chinook skin extract or L-serine was pumped into the water supply of one arm. Fish were allowed to choose either upstream arm by raising a containment screen for 10min, then their positions were photographed and the screen lowered. In the second test system the relationship of diazinon exposure to predation susceptibility was directly examined by transferring groups of 20 salmon (10 diazinon-exposed, 10 control) to troughs containing a protective cover. These salmon were given two olfactory warnings by delivering conspecific skin extract to both their transfer container and the predation tank they entered. After a 2-min prey acclimation period, larger predator rainbow trout were allowed access to the downstream section of the tank containing the test salmon. The combined fish were observed until approximately 50% of the prey fish had been consumed. Statistical comparisons indicated that although the salmon did avoid the water streams containing alarm scents, none of the diazinon exposure levels resulted in significantly different outcomes from the controls (α = 0.05) in either the two-choice maze study or the predation study. Possible environmental and population implications are discussed in light of related olfaction and diazinon studies.
机译：人们认为，鱼的嗅觉对于与警报气味识别和避免捕食者相关的行为很重要。在两个小时的浸泡时间分别为0、1、10或100μgdiazinon / L后，在两个单独的实验中评估了朱诺鲑鱼的嗅觉功能。在第一个测试系统中，将10条鲑鱼的组与平行的水流一起转移到Y迷宫型via的选区。由奇努克人皮肤提取物或左旋丝氨酸组成的稀薄警报香气被泵入一只手臂的供水系统。允许鱼类通过抬起密闭屏10分钟来选择任一上游臂，然后拍摄其位置并放低屏幕。在第二个测试系统中，通过将20条鲑鱼（10条暴露于二嗪农，10条对照）的组转移到装有保护套的槽中，直接检查了地嗪酮暴露与捕食敏感性的关系。通过将特定的皮肤提取物输送到其转移容器和所进入的捕食池中，向这些鲑鱼发出了两个嗅觉警告。经过2分钟的猎物适应期后，允许较大的捕食者虹鳟鱼进入装有测试鲑鱼的水箱的下游部分。观察合并的鱼，直到消耗掉约50％的捕食鱼。统计比较表明，尽管鲑鱼确实避免了含有警报气味的水流，但在二选迷宫研究或捕食性研究中，二嗪农暴露水平均未导致与对照相比有显着差异（α= 0.05）。根据相关的嗅觉和二嗪农研究，讨论了可能的环境和人口影响。

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