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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >Concentrated Sodium Chloride Brine Solutions As An Additionaltreatment For Preventing The Introduction Of Nonindigenous Species in The Ballast Tanks Of Ships Declaring No Ballast On Board
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Concentrated Sodium Chloride Brine Solutions As An Additionaltreatment For Preventing The Introduction Of Nonindigenous Species in The Ballast Tanks Of Ships Declaring No Ballast On Board

机译：浓缩氯化钠盐水作为防止在船上声明没有压载物的压载舱引入非本地物种的附加处理方法

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Currently, seawater flushing is the only management strategy for reducing the number of viable organisms in residual sediments and water of ballast tanks of vessels declaring no ballast on board (NOBOB) that traffic ports of the eastern United States. Previously, we identified several species of freshwater and brackish-water peracarid crustaceans able to survive the osmotic shock that occurs during open-ocean ballast water exchange and, potentially, to disperse over long distances via ballasted ships and NOBOB vessels. We tested the efficacy of concentrated sodium chloride brine solutions as an additional treatment for eradicating the halotolerant taxa often present in the ballast tanks of NOBOB ships. The lowest brine treatments (30 ppt for 1 h) caused 100% mortality in several species of cladocerans and copepods collected from oligohaline habitats. Several brackish-water peracarid crustaceans, however, including some that can survive in freshwater as well, required higher brine concentrations and longer exposure durations (45-60 ppt for 3-24 h). The most resilient animals were widely introduced peracarid crustaceans that generally prefer mesohaline habitats but do not tolerate freshwater (required brine treatments of 60-110 ppt for 3-24 h). Brine treatments (30 ppt) also required less time to cause 100% mortality for eight taxa compared with treatments using 34 ppt seawater. Based on these experiments and published data, we present treatment strategies for the ballast tank biota often associated with NOBOB vessels entering the Great Lakes region. We estimate the lethal dosage of brine for 95% of the species in our experiments to be 110 ppt (95% confidence interval, 85-192 ppt) when the exposure time is 1 h and 60 ppt (95% confidence interval, 48-98 ppt) when the exposure duration is 6 h or longer.
机译：当前，海水冲洗是减少宣布美国东部港口的船上没有压载物的船舶的压载舱的残余沉积物和压载水中的活菌数量的唯一管理策略。以前，我们确定了几种淡水和微咸水过水甲壳类甲壳动物，它们能够在开放式压舱水交换过程中发生的渗透冲击下生存，并且有可能通过压载船和NOBOB船在很长的距离内扩散。我们测试了浓氯化钠盐水溶液作为根除NOBOB船压载舱中经常存在的卤化类群的额外处理方法的功效。最低的盐水处理（1小时30 ppt）导致从寡盐生境中收集的几种锁骨和co足类物种造成100％的死亡率。但是，一些咸淡水过孔甲壳类甲壳动物，包括一些也可以在淡水中存活的甲壳类动物，需要更高的盐水浓度和更长的暴露时间（3-24小时为45-60 ppt）。最有韧性的动物是广泛引进的过孔甲壳动物，它们通常偏爱中盐栖息地，但不耐淡水（要求盐水处理60-110 ppt，持续3-24小时）。与使用34 ppt海水的处理相比，盐水处理（30 ppt）所需的时间也更少，从而导致八类生物的死亡率达到100％。基于这些实验和公开的数据，我们介绍了经常与进入大湖区的NOBOB船只有关的压载舱生物区系的治疗策略。当暴露时间为1 h和60 ppt（95％置信区间48-98）时，我们估计实验中95％物种的盐水的致死剂量为110 ppt（95％置信区间85-192 ppt）。 ppt），如果暴露时间为6小时或更长时间。

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