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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >A Nonlethal Microsampling Technique To Monitor The Effects Ofmercury On Wild Bird Eggs
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A Nonlethal Microsampling Technique To Monitor The Effects Ofmercury On Wild Bird Eggs

机译：监测汞对野生鸟卵影响的非致命微量采样技术

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Methylmercury is the predominant chemical form of mercury reported in the eggs of wild birds, and the embryo is the most sensitive life stage to methylmercury toxicity. Protective guidelines have been based mainly on captive-breeding studies with chickens (Gallus gallus), mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), and ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) or on field studies where whole eggs were collected and analyzed and the effects of the mercury were measured based on the reproductive success of the remaining eggs. However, both of these methods have limitations. As an alternative, we developed a technique that involves extracting a small sample of albumen from a live egg, sealing the egg, returning the egg to its nest to be naturally incubated by the parents, and then relating the hatching success of this microsampled egg to its mercury concentration. After first developing this technique in the laboratory using chicken and mallard eggs, we selected the laughing gull (Larus atricilla) and black-necked stilt (Himantopus mexicanus) as test subjects in the field. We found that 92% of the microsampled laughing gull eggs met our reproductive endpoint of survival to the beginning of hatching compared to 100% for the paired control eggs within the same nests. Microsampled black-necked stilt eggs exhibited 100% hatching success compared to 93% for the paired control eggs. Our results indicate that microsampling is an effective tool for nonlethally sampling mercury concentrations in eggs and, as such, can be used for monitoring sensitive species, as well as for improving studies that examine the effects of mercury on avian reproduction.
机译：甲基汞是野生鸟类卵中汞的主要化学形式，而胚胎是对甲基汞毒性最敏感的生命阶段。保护性准则主要基于对鸡（鸡），野鸭（北京鸭）和环颈野鸡（Phasianus colchicus）的人工繁殖研究，或基于收集和分析全卵以及汞的影响的田间研究根据剩余卵子的繁殖成功率进行测定。但是，这两种方法都有局限性。作为替代方案，我们开发了一种技术，涉及从活鸡蛋中提取一小份蛋白，密封鸡蛋，将鸡蛋放回巢中，以供父母自然孵化，然后将这种微量取样的卵的孵化成功与它的汞浓度。在实验室中首先使用鸡和野鸭卵开发了该技术之后，我们选择了笑鸥（Larus atricilla）和黑颈高跷（Himantopus mexicanus）作为该领域的测试对象。我们发现92％的微量采样笑鸥卵在孵化开始之前就达到了我们的生殖终点，而同一巢中的配对对照卵为100％。显微取样的黑颈高跷卵显示出100％的孵化成功率，而配对卵则为93％。我们的结果表明，微量采样是一种非致命采样鸡蛋中汞浓度的有效工具，因此可用于监测敏感物种，以及用于改进研究汞对禽类繁殖影响的研究。

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