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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >Single And Interactive Effects Of Malathion, Overwintered Green Frog Tadpoles, And Cyanobacteria On Gray Treefrog Tadpoles
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Single And Interactive Effects Of Malathion, Overwintered Green Frog Tadpoles, And Cyanobacteria On Gray Treefrog Tadpoles

机译：马拉硫磷，越冬的绿蛙Ta和蓝细菌对灰色树蛙Ta的单一和交互作用

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Amphibian population declines around the world are associated with invasive species, pesticides, pathogens, habitat destruction, or a combination of factors. Because contamination is widespread, it represents a relevant environmental stress that can affect the ability of organisms to deal with other factors present in the environment. We examined the effects of the insecticide malathion, larger tadpole competitors (green frogs, Rana clamitans), and a toxic cyanobacteria (Anabaena spp.) on tadpoles of Cope's gray treefrog {Hyla chrysoscelis) reared from hatching through metamorphosis in outdoor mesocosms. The response of mass at metamorphosis and time to metamorphosis was significantly affected by exposure to malathion and presence of overwintered green frog tadpoles. Malathion generally led to increased mass at metamorphosis, earlier time to metamorphosis, and increased activity during larval development. These results likely stem from short-term increases in periphyton associated with malathion exposure (although these effects were nonsignificant). Exposure of gray treefrogs to overwintered green frog tadpoles led to an earlier time to metamorphosis without differences in mass at metamorphosis and was associated with increased activity in gray treefrogs. Survival of gray treefrogs was significantly affected by an interaction of green frog and malathion, indicating nonadditive effects of these treatments. Exposure to cyanobacteria had a significant negative effect on green frogs but no effect on treefrogs. Malathion had the strongest effect on the community, but our results indicated that some factors can interact in ways not predicted by single factors alone.
机译：世界各地的两栖动物种群减少与入侵物种，农药，病原体，栖息地破坏或多种因素相关。由于污染是普遍存在的，它代表了一种相关的环境压力，可能会影响生物应对环境中其他因素的能力。我们研究了杀虫剂马拉硫磷，较大的competitors竞争者（绿色青蛙，蛙蛙）和有毒的蓝细菌（Anabaena spp。）对Cope的灰色树蛙（Hyla chrysoscelis）的from的影响，这些frog因孵化通过室外中型变态而孵化。暴露于马拉硫磷和越冬的绿色青蛙t显着影响了在变态和变态时质量的反应。马拉硫磷通常导致变态时的质量增加，变态的时间更早，并且幼虫发育期间的活性增加。这些结果可能源于马拉硫磷暴露引起的附生植物短期增加（尽管这些影响并不明显）。灰色树蛙与越冬的绿色青蛙t接触导致变态的时间更早，而变态时的质量没有差异，并且与灰色树蛙的活动增加有关。绿蛙和马拉硫磷的相互作用显着影响了灰树蛙的存活，表明这些治疗方法无累加作用。暴露于蓝细菌对绿色青蛙有明显的负面影响，但对树蛙则没有影响。马拉硫磷对社区的影响最大，但我们的结果表明，某些因素可能以单独的因素无法预测的方式相互作用。

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