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Long-range Transport Of Organic Chemicals In The Environment

机译：环境中有机化学品的远程运输

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The long-range transport (LRT) of organic chemicals in the environment is reviewed, with particular focus on the role of environmental fate and transport models and the relationship between model results and field data. Results from generic multimedia box models, spatially resolved multimedia box models, and atmospheric transport models are highlighted, including conceptual investigations of cold-trap effect and global fractionation as well as results for particular chemicals, such as hexachlorocyclohexanes, DDT, polychlorinated biphenyls, perfluoroocctanoic acid, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Comparison of model results to field data shows that in many cases environmental fate models provide a good description of the distribution dynamics observed in the field, with deviations between measured and modeled concentrations around a factor of five. Sorption to atmospheric aerosols as a key process influencing the LRT of semivolatile organic chemicals (SOCs) is discussed, and the need for more measurements of the aerosol-air partitioning of SOCs and of the reactivity of particle-bound chemicals is pointed out. Key findings from field campaigns measuring legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) as well as new POPs are summarized. Finally, the relationship between science and politics in the field of POPs is addressed. Research into the LRT of organic chemicals has always occurred in interaction with political activities aiming to reduce the emissions of POPs. Since the late 1990s, the Stockholm Convention and the Aarhus Protocol on POPs have formed an important political context for research concerning POPs; the implementation of these international treaties creates a demand for ongoing research into the LRT of organic chemicals.
机译：审查了环境中有机化学品的远距离运输（LRT），特别侧重于环境归宿和运输模型的作用以及模型结果与现场数据之间的关系。重点介绍了通用多媒体盒模型，空间分辨的多媒体盒模型和大气传输模型的结果，包括对冷阱效应和整体分馏的概念研究，以及六氯环己烷，滴滴涕，多氯联苯，全氟辛酸等特定化学品的结果。 ，和多溴二苯醚。模型结果与现场数据的比较表明，在许多情况下，环境归因模型可以很好地描述现场观察到的分布动态，测量浓度和模型浓度之间的偏差约为五分之一。讨论了对大气气溶胶的吸附是影响半挥发性有机化学物质（SOC）的LRT的关键过程，并指出需要对SOC的气溶胶-空气分配和与颗粒结合的化学物质的反应性进行更多测量。总结了测量遗留持久性有机污染物以及新的持久性有机污染物的野外活动的主要发现。最后，讨论了持久性有机污染物领域中科学与政治之间的关系。一直在与旨在减少持久性有机污染物排放的政治活动互动进行有机LRT研究。自1990年代后期以来，《斯德哥尔摩公约》和《关于持久性有机污染物的奥尔胡斯议定书》已成为有关持久性有机污染物的研究的重要政治背景；这些国际条约的实施产生了对正在进行的有机化学LRT研究的需求。

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