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AGING EFFECTS ON COBALT AVAILABILITY IN SOILS

机译：老化对土壤中钴有效性的影响

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摘要

Aging processes in soils can significantly affect the potential biological availability of introduced metals via incorporation into crystal lattices, diffusion into micropores, or formation of metal precipitates on the surfaces of soil minerals. Over time, metals in contact with the soil solid phase are less freely exchangeable with the soil solution and, hence, less available to soil biota. In the present study, the effects of aging on the fate and behavior of added divalent cobalt (Co~(2+)) in a range of soils with varying physicochemical characteristics was assessed using isotope-exchange techniques, chemical extraction, and plant growth. Following addition to soil, the Co~(2+) salt rapidly partitioned to the soil solid phase. Particularly in soils with neutral to alkaline pH, a large percentage of the surface-bound Co was fixed in forms no longer in equilibrium with soil solution cobalt through aging reactions. Using techniques commonly applied to estimate metal bioavailability in soil, the lability (E values), plant availability (L values), and extractability of added Co~(2+) salts with the mild chemical extractants calcium chloride (CaCl_2) and ammonium nitrate (NH_4NO_3) were observed to markedly decrease with time, particularly in soils with high pH or those containing appreciable quantities of iron/ manganese oxyhydroxide minerals. Results indicated rapid partitioning of added Co~(2+) into isotopically nonexchangeable pools, with more than 60% of the aging occurring within 15 d in most soils. Soil pH was the primary factor controlling the rate of cobalt aging and extent of exchangeability in the soils examined. Understanding the influence of long-term aging on cobalt availability in soils is necessary to accurately assess the potential risk associated with cobalt contamination of soil environments.
机译：土壤中的老化过程会通过掺入晶格，扩散到微孔中或在土壤矿物质表面形成金属沉淀而严重影响所引入金属的潜在生物利用度。随着时间的流逝，与土壤固相接触的金属很难与土壤溶液自由交换，因此，土壤生物难以获得。在本研究中，使用同位素交换技术，化学提取和植物生长，评估了老化对一系列理化特性不同的土壤中命运和行为的影响，添加了二价钴（Co〜（2+））。加入土壤后，Co〜（2+）盐迅速分配到土壤固相。特别是在具有中性至碱性pH值的土壤中，很大一部分表面结合的Co被固定为不再通过老化反应与土壤溶液钴平衡的形式。使用通常用于估算土壤中金属生物利用度，不稳定性（E值），植物可用性（L值）以及添加的Co〜（2+）盐与温和化学萃取剂氯化钙（CaCl_2）和硝酸铵（ NH_4NO_3）随时间显着减少，特别是在高pH值的土壤或含有大量铁/氢氧化锰矿物质的土壤中。结果表明，添加的Co〜（2+）迅速分配到同位素不可交换的池中，在大多数土壤中，超过60％的老化发生在15天内。土壤pH是控制钴在土壤中老化速率和可交换程度的主要因素。了解长期老化对土壤中钴有效性的影响，对于准确评估与土壤环境中钴污染相关的潜在风险非常必要。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental toxicology and chemistry》 |2009年第8期|1609-1617|共9页
  • 作者

    Laura A. Wendling; Jason K. Kirby; Michael J. McLaughlin;

  • 作者单位

    CSIRO Land and Water, Centre for Environmental Contaminant Research;

    CSIRO Land and Water, Centre for Environmental Contaminant Research;

    CSIRO Land and Water, Centre for Environmental Contaminant Research The University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Glen Osmond SA 5064, Australia;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    cobalt; aging; availability; isotope dilution;

    机译：钴;老化;可用性;同位素稀释;

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