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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >ACUTE AND DELAYED EFFECTS OF THE NEONICOTINOID INSECTICIDE THIACLOPRID ON SEVEN FRESHWATER ARTHROPODS
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ACUTE AND DELAYED EFFECTS OF THE NEONICOTINOID INSECTICIDE THIACLOPRID ON SEVEN FRESHWATER ARTHROPODS

机译：新烟碱类杀虫剂噻氯哌啶对七个淡水节肢动物的急性和延迟作用

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摘要

Ecotoxicological risk assessment of contaminants often is based on toxicity tests with continuous-exposure profiles. However, input of many contaminants (e.g., insecticides) to surface waters typically occurs in pulses rather than continuously. Neonicotinoids are a new group of insecticides, and little is known about their toxicity to nontarget freshwater organisms and potential effects on freshwater ecosystems. The aim of the present research was to assess effects of short-term (24-h) exposure to the neonicotinoid insecticide thiacloprid, including a postexposure observation period. A comparison of several freshwater insect and crustacean species showed an increase of sensitivity by three orders of magnitude in the following order: Daphnia magna < Asellus aquaticus = Gammarus pulex < Simpetrum striolatum < Culex pipiens = Notidobia ciliaris = Simulium latigonium, with median lethal concentrations (LC50s) of 4,400,153,190, 31.2,6.78, 5.47, and 5.76 μg/L, respectively (postexposure observation 11-30 d). Thiacloprid caused delayed lethal and sublethal effects, which were observed after 4 to 12 d following exposure. Reduction in LC50s found when postexposure observation was extended from 1 d to a longer period (11-30 d) was up to >50-fold. Hence, delayed effects occurring after short-term exposure should be considered in risk assessment. The 5% hazardous concentration (HC5) of thiacloprid obtained in the present study (0.72 μg/L) is more than one order of magnitude below the currently predicted worst-case environmental concentrations in surface water. Concerning the selection of test organisms, we observed that the widely employed test organism D. magna is least sensitive among the arthropods tested and that, for neonicotinoid insecticides, an insect like the mosquito C. pipiens would be more suitable for predicting effects on sensitive species.
机译：污染物的生态毒理学风险评估通常基于具有连续暴露特征的毒性测试。但是，许多污染物（例如杀虫剂）向地表水中的输入通常以脉冲而不是连续的方式发生。新烟碱是一类新的杀虫剂，对其非目标淡水生物的毒性以及对淡水生态系统的潜在影响知之甚少。本研究的目的是评估短期（24小时）接触新烟碱类杀虫剂噻虫啉的影响，包括暴露后的观察期。几种淡水昆虫和甲壳类动物的比较显示灵敏度按以下顺序增加了三个数量级：水蚤（Daphnia magna）<水生Asellus = Gammarus pulex 50倍。因此，在风险评估中应考虑短期暴露后发生的延迟效应。本研究中获得的噻虫啉的5％危险浓度（HC5）（0.72μg/ L）比目前预测的地表水中最坏情况下的环境浓度低一个数量级。关于测试生物的选择，我们观察到广泛使用的测试生物D. magna在被测试的节肢动物中最不敏感，对于新烟碱类杀虫剂，像蚊子C. pipiens这样的昆虫更适合预测对敏感物种的影响。

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