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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIATION IN SOLAR RADIATION AND PHOTO- ENHANCED TOXICITY RISKS OF SPILLED OIL IN PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND, ALASKA, USA
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TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIATION IN SOLAR RADIATION AND PHOTO- ENHANCED TOXICITY RISKS OF SPILLED OIL IN PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND, ALASKA, USA

机译：美国阿拉斯加威廉王子的太阳辐射的时空变化和光致油的光毒性风险

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摘要

Solar irradiance (W/m~2) and downwelling diffuse attenuation coefficients (K_d; 1/m) were determined in several locations in Prince William Sound (AK, USA) between April 2003 and December 2005 to assess temporal and spatial variation in solar radiation and the risks of photo-enhanced toxicity from spilled oil. Weekly irradiance measurements of surface visible light, ultraviolet B (UVB), and ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation in Valdez (AK, USA) followed expected trends of maximum solar irradiance at each summer solstice and minimum values at each winter solstice. Variation from weekly maximum expected surface irradiances was attributed to large variations in environmental conditions over the 142-week monitoring period. Season and proximity to glacial meltwater were significant determinants of K_d, with 1% attenuation depths ranging from 0.4 to 15 m (UVB and UVA) and from 0.5 to 28 m (visible light). The probability of photo-enhanced toxicity risks estimated from UVA dosimetry decreased with increasing water depth, with higher risks during spring and summer and lower risks during fall and winter. These results demonstrate substantial temporal and spatial variation in solar radiation in Prince William Sound and the potential for significant season- and location-specific photo-enhanced toxicity risks from spilled oil.
机译：在2003年4月至2005年12月期间，在威廉王子湾（美国AK）的多个位置确定了太阳辐照度（W / m〜2）和下流扩散衰减系数（K_d; 1 / m），以评估太阳辐射的时空变化以及溢油带来的光增强毒性的风险。每周在瓦尔迪兹（美国AK）的表面可见光，紫外线B（UVB）和紫外线A（UVA）辐射的辐照度测量遵循了每个夏至时的最大太阳辐照度和每个冬至时的最小值的预期趋势。每周最大预期表面辐照度的变化是由于在142周的监测期内环境条件的巨大变化。季节和与冰川融水的接近程度是决定K_d的重要因素，衰减深度的1％范围为0.4至15 m（UVB和UVA）和0.5至28 m（可见光）。随着水深的增加，根据UVA剂量法估算的光增强毒性风险的可能性降低，春季和夏季的风险较高，而秋季和冬季的风险较低。这些结果表明，威廉王子湾太阳辐射的时空变化很大，并且有可能因泄漏的石油而在特定季节和特定地点产生明显的光增强毒性风险。

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