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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >NEUTRON ACTIVATION OF ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES AS A TOOL FOR TRACING THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND UPTAKE IN ORGANISMS
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NEUTRON ACTIVATION OF ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES AS A TOOL FOR TRACING THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND UPTAKE IN ORGANISMS

机译：工程化纳米粒子的中子活化作为追踪其环境命运和对有机体吸收的工具

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Studies regarding the environmental impact of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are hampered by the lack of tools to localize and quantify ENPs in water, sediments, soils, and organisms. Neutron activation of mineral ENPs offers the possibility of labeling ENPs in a way that avoids surface modification and permits both localization and quantification within a matrix or an organism. Time-course experiments in vivo also may be conducted with small organisms to study metabolism and exposure, two aspects currently lacking in ecotoxicological knowledge about ENPs. The present report explains some of the prerequisites and advantages of neutron activation as a tool for studying ENPs in environmental samples and ecologically relevant organisms, and it demonstrates the suitability of neutron activation for Ag, Co/Co_3O_4, and CeO_2 nanoparticles. In a preliminary experiment with the earthworm Eisenia fetida, the dietary uptake and excretion of a Co nanopowder (average particle size, 4 nm; surface area, 59 m~2/g) were studied. Cobalt ENPs were taken up to a high extent during 7 d of exposure (concentration ratios of 0.16-0.20 relative to the ENP concentration in horse manure) and were largely retained within the worms for a period of eight weeks, with less than 20% of absorbed ENPs being excreted. Following dissection of the worms, ~(60)Co was detected in spermatogenic cells, cocoons, and blood using scintillation counting and autoradiography. The experimental opportunities that neutron activation of ENPs offer are discussed.
机译：由于缺少在水，沉积物，土壤和生物中定位和量化ENP的工具，阻碍了有关工程化纳米颗粒（ENP）对环境影响的研究。矿物ENP的中子活化提供了以避免表面修饰的方式标记ENP的可能性，并允许在基质或生物体内进行定位和定量。还可以用小型生物体进行体内时程实验，以研究新陈代谢和暴露，这是目前缺乏有关ENP的生态毒理学知识的两个方面。本报告解释了中子活化作为研究环境样品和生态相关生物中的ENP的工具的一些先决条件和优势，并证明了中子活化对Ag，Co / Co_3O_4和CeO_2纳米粒子的适用性。在对EEisenia fetida的初步实验中，研究了Co纳米粉（平均粒径4 nm；表面积59 m〜2 / g）的饮食吸收和排泄。钴的ENP在暴露的7 d内被大量吸收（相对于马粪中的ENP浓度，其浓度比为0.16-0.20），并在蠕虫中大部分保留了八周的时间，少于蠕虫的20％吸收的ENP被排泄。解剖蠕虫后，使用闪烁计数和放射自显影技术在生精细胞，茧和血液中检测到〜（60）Co。讨论了ENP中子活化提供的实验机会。

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