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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >Oviposition Site Selection: Pesticide Avoidance by Gray Treefrogs
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Oviposition Site Selection: Pesticide Avoidance by Gray Treefrogs

机译：产卵地点的选择：灰色Treefrogs避免使用农药

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Effects of glyphosate-formulated herbicides on nontarget organisms have received much recent attention. Although previous studies have explored the effects of pesticides on growth, development, and mortality of various amphibian species, no studies have tested the potential effects of herbicides on oviposition site selection by amphibians. Recent studies have found that a combination of pesticide and predatory cues lead to significantly increased mortality of tadpoles of several anuran species relative to that caused by pesticide alone. In the present study, I tested two hypotheses: First, adult gray treefrogs avoid oviposition sites based on the presence of glyphosate formulation (Roundup~®). Second, pesticide avoidance is manifested to a greater degree when combined with predatory cues. In the spring of 2006, I conducted an outdoor experiment using artificial ponds by setting up four treatments: Predatory fish cue, Roundup (2.4 mg glyphosate acid equivalent [a.e.]/L), a combination of predatory fish cue + Roundup, and a control. This experiment was designed to assess oviposition site choice among the four treatments by gray treefrogs based on the number of eggs laid in each treatment. Gray treefrogs avoided oviposition in pools contaminated with fish cue and/ or Roundup and placed the significant majority of their eggs in control pools, which suggests that breeding adults may be able to prevent lethal exposure of herbicide to their offspring through oviposition site selection. The present study provided the first evidence that the concentration of herbicide that is expected to be found in the field potentially alters oviposition site choice by amphibians. However, the concentration of 2.4 mg a.e./L is unlikely ubiquitous in nature. Thus, the further investigation of environmental relevancy of this finding is critical.
机译：草甘膦型除草剂对非靶标生物的作用最近受到了广泛关注。尽管先前的研究探索了农药对各种两栖动物物种的生长，发育和死亡率的影响，但尚无研究测试除草剂对两栖动物产卵位点的潜在影响。最近的研究发现，与仅由农药引起的t相比，农药和掠食性线索的组合导致几种无环物种increased的死亡率显着增加。在本研究中，我测试了两个假设：首先，成年灰树蛙避免基于草甘膦制剂（Roundup®）的产卵位点。其次，与掠夺性线索结合使用时，避免农药的表现更大。在2006年春季，我通过设置四种处理方法在人造池塘上进行了室外试验：掠食性鱼线索，Roundup（2.4毫克草甘膦酸当量[ae] / L），掠食性鱼线索+ Roundup和对照。本实验旨在评估灰树蛙在四种处理方法中产卵位的选择，基于每种处理中产卵的数量。灰色的树蛙避免在受鱼球和/或农达污染的池塘中产卵，并将其大部分卵子置于对照池中，这表明成年成年成年人可能能够通过产卵位选择来防止致命的除草剂接触其后代。本研究提供了第一个证据，表明在野外发现的除草剂浓度可能会改变两栖动物的产卵位。但是，2.4 mg a.e./L的浓度自然不可能普遍存在。因此，对这一发现与环境相关性的进一步研究至关重要。

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