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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >EXTRACTION AND BIOANALYSIS OF THE ECOTOXICOLOGICALLY RELEVANT FRACTION OF CONTAMINANTS IN SEDIMENTS
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EXTRACTION AND BIOANALYSIS OF THE ECOTOXICOLOGICALLY RELEVANT FRACTION OF CONTAMINANTS IN SEDIMENTS

机译：沉积物中污染物的生态毒理学相关成分的提取和生物分析

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Assessments of the risk connected to the contamination of soils and sediments should rely on a multidisciplinary approach based on both chemical and biological techniques (i.e., the sum of exposure and effects assessment). The dioxin-responsive, chemical-activated luciferase expression (DR-CALUX) bioassay is widely applied for evaluation of the toxicity of sediments after an exhaustive extraction of the contaminants, and results are used for risk assessment purposes. Approaches based on total extraction of contaminants do not take into account the importance of bioavailability and aging processes, thus leading to possible overes-timations of risk. In the present work, an approach based on nonexhaustive extraction techniques in combination with an in vitro reporter gene assay was tested on sediment samples contaminated with dioxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and other xenobiotics. Tenax and hydroxypropyl-p-cyclodextrin (HPCD) extractions over time were carried out to determine the bioavailable fractions, whereas the residual fractions were determined by means of a microwave-assisted exhaustive extraction. For both fractions, contaminant concentrations were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry, and the toxic potency was determined by the DR-CALUX assay. Assessments of bioavailable fractions of PCBs by Tenax and HPCD gave comparable results and showed that after several years of aging, a considerable fraction (38-70% of the total content for different PCBs) is still available and ecotoxicologically relevant. Coupling of nonexhaustive extraction and bioanalyses leads to a more realistic and, generally, much lower estimated risk for the toxicity of the extracts as compared to commonly adopted exhaustive techniques.
机译：对与土壤和沉积物污染有关的风险的评估应依靠基于化学和生物技术（即接触和效果评估之和）的多学科方法。二恶英反应性，化学激活的萤光素酶表达（DR-CALUX）生物测定法被广泛用于评估穷举提取污染物后沉积物的毒性，其结果用于风险评估。基于完全提取污染物的方法没有考虑到生物利用度和老化过程的重要性，因此可能会过高估计风险。在目前的工作中，基于非穷举提取技术与体外报告基因测定相结合的方法，在被二恶英，多环芳烃，多氯联苯（PCBs）和其他异生物污染的沉积物样品上进行了测试。随着时间的流逝，对Tenax和羟丙基对环糊精（HPCD）进行萃取，以确定生物可利用的组分，而残留组分则通过微波辅助的彻底萃取进行测定。对于这两个馏分，通过气相色谱-质谱法对污染物浓度进行定量，并通过DR-CALUX分析法确定毒性。 Tenax和HPCD对PCBs的生物可利用部分的评估给出了可比的结果，并表明，经过数年的老化，仍有相当一部分（不同PCBs的总含量的38-70％）仍然可用，并且在生态毒理学上相关。与通常采用的穷举技术相比，非穷举提取和生物分析的耦合导致更现实的提取风险估计风险，并且通常要低得多。

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