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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >ACUTE AND CHRONIC TOXTCITY OF TECHNICAL-GRADE PESTICIDES TO GLOCHIDIA AND JUVENILES OF FRESHWATER MUSSELS (UNIONIDAE)
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ACUTE AND CHRONIC TOXTCITY OF TECHNICAL-GRADE PESTICIDES TO GLOCHIDIA AND JUVENILES OF FRESHWATER MUSSELS (UNIONIDAE)

机译：技术级杀虫剂对潮虫和少年牡蛎（乌贼科）的急性和慢性毒性

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摘要

Chemical contaminants are among many potential factors involved in the decline of freshwater mussel populations in North America, and the effects of pesticides on early life stages of unionid mussels are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the toxicity of technical-grade current-use pesticides to glochidia and juvenile life stages of freshwater mussels. We performed acute toxicity tests with glochidia (five species) and juveniles (two species) exposed to a suite of current-use pesticides including herbicides (atrazine and pendimethalin), insecticides (fipronil and permethrin), and a reference toxicant (NaCl). Because of limited availability of test organisms, not all species were tested with all pesticides. Toxicity tests with fungicides (chlorothalonil, propiconazole, and pyraclostrobin) were performed with one species {Lampsilis siliquoidea). Lampsilis siliquoidea glochidia and juveniles were highly sensitive to the fungicides tested but the technical-grade herbicides and insecticides, at concentrations approaching water solubility, were not acutely toxic to this or the other unionid species. In a 21-d chronic test with four-month-old juvenile L. siliquoidea, the 21-d median effective concentration (EC50) with atrazine was 4.3 mg/L and in atrazine treatments ≥3.8 mg/L mussel growth was significantly less than controls. The relatively high sensitivity of L. siliquoidea to chlorothalonil, propiconazole, and pyraclostrobin is similar to that reported for other aquatic organisms commonly used for toxicity testing. The relative risk associated with acute exposure of early life stages of mussels to technical-grade atrazine, pendimethalin, fipronil, and permethrin is likely low; however, survival and growth results with juvenile L. siliquoidea indicate that chronic exposure to high concentrations (≥3.8 mg/L) of atrazine may have the potential to impact mussel populations and warrants further investigation.
机译：化学污染物是导致北美淡水贻贝种群减少的许多潜在因素之一，而且农药对混合贻贝早期生命阶段的影响尚不清楚。这项研究的目的是确定技术级目前使用的农药对淡水贻贝的甲壳纲和少年生命阶段的毒性。我们对暴露于一整套目前使用的农药（包括除草剂（阿特拉津和二甲戊乐灵），杀虫剂（氟吡尼和苄氯菊酯）和参考毒物（NaCl））的甲壳纲（5种）和幼体（两种）进行了急性毒性测试。由于受试生物的可用性有限，因此并非所有物种都经过了所有农药的测试。对一种物种（Lampsilis siliquoidea）进行了杀菌剂（百菌清，丙环唑和吡菌酯）的毒性试验。绿头楠（Lampsilis siliquoidea glochidia）和少年对测试的杀真菌剂高度敏感，但是工业级除草剂和杀虫剂的浓度接近水溶性，对这种或其他混种物种没有剧毒。在一个四个月大的幼年利什曼原虫的21天慢性试验中，阿特拉津的21天中位数有效浓度（EC50）为4.3 mg / L，而阿特拉津治疗中≥3.8mg / L的贻贝生长明显低于控件。十二指肠杆菌对百菌清，丙环唑和吡菌酯的相对较高的敏感性与报道的其他通常用于毒性测试的水生生物的敏感性相似。贻贝生命周期早期急性暴露于工业级阿特拉津，二甲戊灵，氟虫腈和苄氯菊酯的相对风险可能较低；然而，幼年利什曼原虫的存活和生长结果表明，长期暴露于高浓度（≥3.8mg / L）的阿特拉津可能会影响贻贝种群，因此有待进一步研究。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Environmental toxicology and chemistry》 |2007年第10期|2086-2093|共8页
  • 作者

    Robert B. Bringolf; W. Gregory Cope; Chris B. Eads; Peter R. Lazaro; M. Christopher Barnhart; Damian Shea;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7633, USA;

    Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7633, USA;

    Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8401, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8401, USA;

    Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7633, USA;

    Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri 65897, USA;

    Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7633, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    herbicides; insecticides; fungicides; early life stage; sodium chloride;

    机译：除草剂杀虫剂杀菌剂生命早期;氯化钠;

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