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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >VALIDATION STUDY OF THE ACUTE BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL FOR SILVER
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VALIDATION STUDY OF THE ACUTE BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL FOR SILVER

机译：银的急性生物配体模型的验证研究

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An important final step in development of an acute biotic ligand model for silver is to validate predictive capabilities of the biotic ligand model developed for fish and invertebrates. To accomplish this, eight natural waters, collected from across North America, were characterized with respect to ionic composition, pH, dissolved organic carbon, and sulfide. Tests were conducted with the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia (48-h static) and the fish Pimephales promelas (96-h static renewal) to determine the concentrations causing lethality to 50% of the organisms (LC50s) for silver in each of these waters. Overall, the biotic ligand model adequately predicted silver toxicity to C. dubia; however, in some cases, predicted LC50 values exceeded measured values. The accuracy of the biotic ligand model predictions was less convincing for silver toxicity to P. promelas with pronounced problems in low-ionic strength waters. Another issue was the use of acclimated organisms in toxicity studies because the biotic ligand model has been developed with the use of a mix of studies with acclimated and nonacclimated test organisms of varying ages and sizes. To evaluate whether effects of acclimation to test waters influence biotic ligand model predictions, a subset of the natural waters were also tested with P. promelas that had been acclimated to the natural water for 7 d before testing. These experiments revealed no differences in toxicity between acclimated and nonacclimated P. promelas. To determine the influence of organism size, which has been previously correlated to Na~+ turnover and acute silver toxicity across multiple species, Na~+ and Cl~- influx rates were measured in P. promelas of different sizes. Our results show that Na1" and Cl~ influx rates were inversely related to fish mass and positively correlated with silver sensitivity.
机译：开发用于银的急性生物配体模型的重要的最后一步是验证为鱼类和无脊椎动物开发的生物配体模型的预测能力。为此，针对北美地区收集的八种天然水的离子组成，pH，溶解的有机碳和硫化物进行了表征。用锁骨角柏Ceriodaphnia dubia（48小时静态）和鱼Pimephales promelas（96小时静态更新）进行了测试，以确定这些水中每一种对银造成50％的生物死亡的浓度（LC50）。总体而言，生物配体模型充分预测了银对杜鹃的毒性。但是，在某些情况下，预测的LC50值会超出测量值。生物配体模型预测的准确性不足以说服银对斑节对虾的毒性，在低离子强度水中存在明显的问题。另一个问题是在毒性研究中使用驯化的生物，因为生物配体模型是通过对不同年龄和大小的驯化和非驯化的测试生物进行混合研究而开发的。为了评估适应测试水的效果是否会影响生物配体模型的预测，还对一部分天然水进行了P. promelas的测试，这些蛋白质在测试前已经适应了天然水7天。这些实验表明，驯化和未驯化的P. promelas在毒性上没有差异。为了确定生物体大小的影响，该影响先前与多种物种的Na〜+转化率和急性银毒性相关，在不同大小的P. promelas中测量了Na〜+和Cl〜-的流入速率。我们的结果表明，Na1“和Cl〜的流入速率与鱼的数量成反比，与银的敏感性成正比。

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