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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >PLANT UPTAKE OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS FROM SOIL: BIOCONCENTRATION ESTIMATES BASED ON MODELS AND EXPERIMENTS
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PLANT UPTAKE OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS FROM SOIL: BIOCONCENTRATION ESTIMATES BASED ON MODELS AND EXPERIMENTS

机译：植物从土壤中吸收有机污染物：基于模型和实验的生物浓度估算

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摘要

The role of terrestrial vegetation in transferring chemicals from soil and air into specific plant tissues (e.g., stems, leaves, and roots) is still not well characterized. We provide here a critical review of plant-to-soil bioconcentration ratio (BCR) estimates based on models and experimental data. This review includes the conceptual and theoretical formulations of the BCR, constructing and calibrating empirical and mathematical algorithms to describe this ratio and the experimental data used to quantify BCRs and calibrate the model performance. We first evaluate the theoretical basis for the BCR concept and BCR models and consider how lack of knowledge and data limit reliability and consistency of BCR estimates. We next consider alternate modeling strategies for BCR. A key focus of this evaluation is the relative contributions to overall uncertainty from model uncertainty versus variability in the experimental data used to develop and test the models. As a case study, we consider a single chemical, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, and focus on variability of bioconcentration measurements obtained from 81 experiments with different plant species, different plant tissues, different experimental conditions, and different methods for reporting concentrations in the soil and plant tissues. We use these observations to evaluate both the magnitude of experimental variability in plant bioconcentration and compare this to model uncertainty. Among these 81 measurements, the variation of the plant-to-soil BCR has a geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 3.5 and a coefficient of variation (CV; i.e., ratio of the arithmetic standard deviation to the mean) of 1.7. These variations are significant but low relative to model uncertainties, which have an estimated GSD of 10, with a corresponding CV of 14.
机译：陆地植被在将化学物质从土壤和空气转移到特定植物组织（例如茎，叶和根）中的作用仍然没有很好的特征。我们在此根据模型和实验数据对植物对土壤生物浓度比（BCR）的估算值进行了严格的审查。这篇综述包括BCR的概念和理论公式，构建和校准描述该比率的经验和数学算法以及用于量化BCR和校准模型性能的实验数据。我们首先评估BCR概念和BCR模型的理论基础，并考虑缺乏知识和数据如何限制BCR估计的可靠性和一致性。接下来，我们考虑BCR的替代建模策略。评估的重点是模型不确定性与用于开发和测试模型的实验数据的可变性对整体不确定性的相对贡献。作为案例研究，我们考虑单一化学物质六氢-1,3,5-三硝基-1,3,5-三嗪，并着重于从81种不同植物物种，不同植物组织，不同实验获得的生物浓度测量值的变异性实验条件以及报告土壤和植物组织中浓度的不同方法。我们使用这些观察值来评估植物生物浓度中实验变异性的大小，并将其与模型不确定性进行比较。在这81次测量中，植物对土壤BCR的变化的几何标准偏差（GSD）为3.5，变异系数（CV；即算术标准偏差与平均值之比）为1.7。这些变化很大，但相对于模型不确定性而言较低，模型不确定性的GSD估计值为10，CV为14。

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