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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >Effects of pesticides on soil invertebrates in model ecosystem and field studies: a review and comparison with laboratory toxicity data.
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Effects of pesticides on soil invertebrates in model ecosystem and field studies: a review and comparison with laboratory toxicity data.

机译：在模型生态系统和田间研究中，农药对土壤无脊椎动物的影响：与实验室毒性数据的比较和比较。

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A systematic review was carried out to investigate the extent to which higher-tier (terrestrial model ecosystem [TME] and field) data regarding pesticide effects can be compared with laboratory toxicity data for soil invertebrates. Data in the public domain yielded 970 toxicity endpoint data sets, representing 71 pesticides and 42 soil invertebrate species or groups. For most pesticides, the most frequent effect class was for no observed effects, although relatively high numbers of pronounced and persistent effects occurred when Lumbricidae and Enchytraeidae were exposed to fungicides and when Lumbricidae, Collembola, and Arachnida were exposed to insecticides. No effects of fungicides on Arachnida, Formicidae, or Nematoda or of herbicides on Lumbricidae, Formicidae, or Nematoda were observed in any studies. For most pesticides, higher-tier no-observed-effect concentration or lowest-observed-effect concentration values cannot be determined because of a lack of information at low pesticide concentrations. Ten pesticides had sufficient laboratory data to enable the observed higher-tier effects to be compared with 5% hazardous concentrations (HC5) estimated from acute toxicity laboratory data (atrazine, carbendazim, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate, gamma-hexachlorocy-clohexane, lambda-cyhalothrin, parathion, pentachlorophenol, and propoxur). In eight cases, higher-tier effects concentrations were within or below the 90% confidence interval of the HC5. Good agreement exists between the results of TME and field tests for carbendazim, but insufficient information is available for a comparison between TME and field studies for other pesticides. Availability and characteristics (e.g., taxonomic composition and heterogeneity) of the higher-tier effects data are discussed in terms of possible developments in risk assessment procedures.
机译：进行了系统的审查，以调查与农药无害化相关的更高层（陆地模型生态系统[TME]和田间）数据与无脊椎动物的实验室毒性数据可比较的程度。公共领域的数据产生了970种毒性终点数据集，代表71种农药和42种无脊椎动物。对于大多数农药，最常见的作用类别是没有观察到的作用，尽管当Lu虫科和En纲科接触杀真菌剂以及Lu虫科，Collembola和蛛形纲科接触杀虫剂时，发生了相对较高的明显和持久作用。在任何研究中均未观察到杀真菌剂对蛛形纲，甲虫或线虫的作用或除草剂对Lu形，甲虫或线虫的作用。对于大多数农药，由于在低农药浓度下缺乏信息，因此无法确定较高的无观测效应浓度或最低观测效应浓度值。十种农药具有足够的实验室数据，可以将观察到的更高层的影响与根据急性毒性实验室数据（阿特拉津，多菌灵，毒死os，二嗪农，乐果，γ-六氯环已烷，lambda-氟氰菊酯，对硫磷，五氯苯酚和丙氧磷。在八种情况下，较高的效应浓度在HC5的90％置信区间内或以下。 TME的结果与多菌灵的田间试验之间存在很好的一致性，但是尚无足够的信息可用于TME和其他农药的田间研究之间的比较。根据风险评估程序的可能发展情况，讨论了较高层效应数据的可用性和特征（例如，分类学组成和异质性）。

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